{"id":1833,"date":"2020-09-27T12:00:16","date_gmt":"2020-09-27T09:00:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/?p=1833"},"modified":"2020-09-27T12:00:16","modified_gmt":"2020-09-27T09:00:16","slug":"derleme-ornekleri-9-derleme-ornegi-adim-adim-derleme-tezi-bilimsel-derleme-nasil-yapilir-bilimsel-derleme-yaptirma-bilimsel-derleme-yaptirma-ucretleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/derleme-ornekleri-9-derleme-ornegi-adim-adim-derleme-tezi-bilimsel-derleme-nasil-yapilir-bilimsel-derleme-yaptirma-bilimsel-derleme-yaptirma-ucretleri\/","title":{"rendered":"Derleme \u00d6rnekleri? (9) – Derleme \u00d6rne\u011fi \u2013 Ad\u0131m Ad\u0131m Derleme Tezi \u2013 Bilimsel Derleme Nas\u0131l Yap\u0131l\u0131r? – Bilimsel Derleme Yapt\u0131rma \u2013 Bilimsel Derleme Yapt\u0131rma \u00dccretleri"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Derleme<\/span> yazd\u0131rma sipari\u015fi veya<\/span> di\u011fer t\u00fcm dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k<\/span> talepleriniz i\u00e7in,<\/span> hemen sayfan\u0131n alt\u0131ndaki formu doldurarak veya whatsapp destek hatt\u0131m\u0131zdan bize ula\u015f\u0131n.<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Kendi ba\u015flar\u0131na \u00f6nemli olmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, bu politikalar, yan\u0131c\u0131 t\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini (\u00f6rne\u011fin sigara, puro, puro) daha az arzu edilir ve elde edilebilir k\u0131lmak i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015f politikalarla birlikte y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe konulursa, konvansiyonel sigara i\u00e7enlerin mevcut olmas\u0131 olas\u0131d\u0131r. nikotini b\u0131rakmayanlar, b\u00fcy\u00fck ikili kullan\u0131m veya gen\u00e7lerin e-sigara ile nikotin ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u015flamas\u0131 olmadan e-sigaraya ge\u00e7ecektir. Politika ortam\u0131nda bu de\u011fi\u015fiklik yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde, e-sigaralar i\u00e7in g\u00f6zlemlenen davran\u0131\u015f kal\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131n devam edece\u011fini varsaymak mant\u0131kl\u0131d\u0131r, bu da t\u00fct\u00fcn kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n zarar\u0131n\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131na katk\u0131da bulunma ihtimalini ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131r ve devam ettirerek zarar\u0131 art\u0131rabilir.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7lar<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Sa\u011fl\u0131k otoriteleri aras\u0131nda e-sigara tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn kendisine, potansiyel toksisitesine ve insanlar\u0131n sigaray\u0131 b\u0131rakmalar\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmak i\u00e7in e-sigara kullan\u0131m\u0131na odaklanm\u0131\u015f olsa da, e-sigara \u015firketleri, benzer agresif pazarlama mesajlar\u0131 kullanarak h\u0131zla geni\u015flemektedir. 1950’lerde ve 1960’larda sigaray\u0131 tan\u0131tmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lanlar. E-sigara reklamlar\u0131, sigara ve di\u011fer t\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fcr\u00fcnleri i\u00e7in benzer reklamlar\u0131 uzun s\u00fcredir yasaklayan ve dolayl\u0131 olarak geleneksel sigara i\u00e7ilmesini te\u015fvik eden bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkede televizyon ve radyoda yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mevcut sigara i\u00e7enlerin tamamen geleneksel sigaralardan (kullan\u0131m modellerinde ba\u015fka bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik olmadan) e-sigaraya ge\u00e7i\u015f yapmalar\u0131 durumunda, nikotin ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n neden oldu\u011fu daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir hastal\u0131k y\u00fck\u00fc olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 varsaymak makul olsa da, \u015fu anda mevcut olan kan\u0131tlar s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131, geleneksel sigaralarla y\u00fcksek d\u00fczeyde e-sigara kullan\u0131m\u0131na, kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015f b\u0131rakma faydalar\u0131n\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve e-sigaralarla h\u0131zla artan gen\u00e7lik ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131na i\u015faret etmektedir. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 e-sigaray\u0131 kullanarak sigaray\u0131 b\u0131rakma iste\u011fini dile getirse de, \u00fcr\u00fcnleri kullanman\u0131n di\u011fer yayg\u0131n nedenleri, sigaras\u0131zl\u0131k yasalar\u0131n\u0131 atlatmak ve geleneksel sigaray\u0131 azaltmakt\u0131r, bu da ikili kullan\u0131m modellerini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirebilir ve b\u0131rakmay\u0131 geciktirebilir veya cayd\u0131rabilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yeti\u015fkinler veya \u00e7ocuklar aras\u0131ndaki ikili kullan\u0131m modelinin y\u00f6r\u00fcngesi belirsizdir, ancak gen\u00e7lerle ilgili ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, e-sigara kullanan gen\u00e7lerin \u00fc\u00e7te biri kadar\u0131n\u0131n hi\u00e7bir zaman geleneksel sigara i\u00e7medi\u011fini ortaya \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Nikotin, hayvan ve insan beyni geli\u015fimi \u00fczerinde olumsuz etkileri olan ve ergenlik d\u00f6neminde hala devam eden, olduk\u00e7a ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k yapan bir maddedir. Dahas\u0131, y\u00fcksek ikili kullan\u0131m oranlar\u0131, daha fazla toplam halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fck\u00fc ile sonu\u00e7lanabilir ve e\u011fer bir ki\u015fi sigaray\u0131 b\u0131rakmak yerine uzun y\u0131llar boyunca daha da d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck d\u00fczeyde bir t\u00fct\u00fcn sigara ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcrse, muhtemelen artan bireysel riskle sonu\u00e7lanabilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Veriler s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olsa da, e-sigara emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n sadece “zarars\u0131z su buhar\u0131” olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, s\u0131kl\u0131kla iddia edildi\u011fi gibi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bir i\u00e7 mekan hava kirlili\u011fi kayna\u011f\u0131 olabilece\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Dumans\u0131z politikalar sigara i\u00e7meyenleri toksinlere maruz kalmaktan korur ve sigaray\u0131 b\u0131rakmay\u0131 te\u015fvik eder. Y\u00fczde y\u00fcz dumans\u0131z politikalar\u0131n t\u00fcketim ve sigara i\u00e7me yayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra miyokard enfarkt\u00fcs\u00fc, fel\u00e7 ve di\u011fer kardiyovask\u00fcler ve pulmoner acil durumlar i\u00e7in hastaneye yat\u0131\u015flar\u0131 \u00fczerinde daha b\u00fcy\u00fck etkileri vard\u0131r. , daha zay\u0131f politikalardan. E-sigaray\u0131 temiz hava ortamlar\u0131na sokmak, e\u011fer \u00fcr\u00fcn kullan\u0131m\u0131 sigara i\u00e7me eylemini sosyal olarak kabul edilebilir olarak g\u00fc\u00e7lendirirse veya kullan\u0131m dumans\u0131z politikalar\u0131n faydalar\u0131n\u0131 baltal\u0131yorsa halk\u0131n zarar g\u00f6rmesine neden olabilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Te\u015fekk\u00fcr<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ki\u015filere tavsiye ve geri bildirimleri i\u00e7in te\u015fekk\u00fcr ederiz: Cort Anastasio, PhD; John Balmes, MD; Cynthia Hallett, MPH; Sara Kalkhoran, MD; Lauren Lempert, JD, MPH; C. Arden Pope III, PhD; Martina P\u00f6tschke-Langer, MD, MA; Prudence Talbot, PhD; Michael Thun, MD; Gemma Vestal, JD, MPH, \u0130\u015fletme Y\u00fcksek Lisans\u0131; ve D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc T\u00fct\u00fcns\u00fcz \u0130nisiyatifi taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan daha uzun raporun hakemleri taraf\u0131ndan talep edildi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Finansman Kaynaklar\u0131<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Bu makale, D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc T\u00fct\u00fcns\u00fcz Giri\u015fimi i\u00e7in haz\u0131rlanan (ve desteklenen) bir raporun olduk\u00e7a yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir versiyonudur. Kaliforniya \u00dcniversitesi T\u00fct\u00fcnle \u0130lgili Hastal\u0131klar Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Program\u0131 21FT-0040’tan ek destek geldi ve Ulusal Kanser Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc ve T\u00fct\u00fcn \u00dcr\u00fcnleri G\u0131da ve \u0130la\u00e7 \u0130daresi Merkezi’nden 1P50CA180890 hibe verildi. \u0130\u00e7erik yaln\u0131zca yazarlar\u0131n sorumlulu\u011fundad\u0131r ve Ulusal Sa\u011fl\u0131k Enstit\u00fcleri, ABD FDA veya D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc’n\u00fcn resmi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini temsil etmesi gerekmez.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

A\u00e7\u0131klamalar<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Dr Benowitz, sigaray\u0131 b\u0131rakma ila\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 pazarlayan \u00e7e\u015fitli ila\u00e7 \u015firketlerinin dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131d\u0131r ve t\u00fct\u00fcn \u015firketlerine kar\u015f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lan davalarda \u00fccretli uzman tan\u0131k olmu\u015ftur. Drs Grana ve Glantz herhangi bir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma bildirmemi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Referanslar<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n
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  1. GranaR, BenowitzN, GlantzSA.BackgroundpaperonE-cigarettes(elec- tronic nicotine delivery systems). Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, San Francisco, a WHO Collaborating Center on Tobacco Control. Prepared for World Health Organization Tobacco Free Initiative. December 2013. http:\/\/pvw.escholarship.org\/uc\/ item\/13p2b72n. Accessed March 31, 2014.<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. Felberbaum M. Old Tobacco Playbook Gets New Use by E-Cigarettes. The Associated Press. 2013. http:\/\/bigstory.ap.org\/article\/old-tobacco- playbook-gets-new-use-e-cigarettes. Accessed August 16, 2013.<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. Grana RA, Ling PM. Smoking revolution? A content analysis of electronic cigarette retail websites. Am J Prev Med. 2014;46:395\u2013403.<\/span><\/li>\n
  4. Adkison SE, O\u2019Connor RJ, Bansal-Travers M, Hyland A, Borland R, Yong HH, Cummings KM, McNeill A, Thrasher JF, Hammond D, Fong GT. Electronic nicotine delivery systems: international tobacco control four-country survey. Am J Prev Med. 2013;44:207\u2013215.<\/span><\/li>\n
  5. King BA, Alam S, Promoff G, Arrazola R, Dube SR. Awareness and ever use of electronic cigarettes among US adults, 2010\u20132011. Nicotine Tob Res. 2013;15:1623\u20131627.<\/span><\/li>\n
  6. Dockrell M, Morrison R, Bauld L, McNeill A. E-cigarettes: prevalence and attitudes in Great Britain. Nicotine Tob Res. 2013;15:1737\u20131744.<\/span><\/li>\n
  7. Pearson JL, Richardson A, Niaura RS, Vallone DM, Abrams DB.<\/span>e-Cigarette awareness, use, and harm perceptions in US adults. Am J<\/span>Public Health. 2012;102:1758\u20131766.<\/span><\/li>\n
  8. Regan AK, Promoff G, Dube SR, Arrazola R. Electronic nicotine deliv-<\/span>ery systems: adult use and awareness of the \u201ce-cigarette\u201d in the USA.<\/span>Tob Control. 2013;22:19\u201323.<\/span><\/li>\n
  9. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Notes from the field: elec-<\/span>tronic cigarette use among middle and high school students\u2014United<\/span>States, 2011\u20132012. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2013;62:729\u2013730.<\/span><\/li>\n
  10. Lee S, Grana RA, Glantz SA. Electronic-cigarette use among Korean adolescents: a cross-sectional study of market penetration, dual use, and relationship to quit attempts and former smoking [published online ahead of print November 22, 2013]. J Adolesc Health. doi: 10.1016\/j. jadohealth.2013.11.003. http:\/\/www.jahonline.org\/article\/S1054-139X%<\/span>2813%2900748-9. Accessed November 22, 2013.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Derleme \u00f6rnekleri yaz\u0131 dizimizde sizlere bir derlemenin nas\u0131l yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n hangi s\u0131ralamayla ilerledi\u011finin ve neler i\u00e7erdi\u011finin bir \u00f6rne\u011fini sunduk. <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    Siz de, derleme yazmak istiyorsan\u0131z “Derleme Nas\u0131l Yaz\u0131l\u0131r?” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 yaz\u0131 dizimizi ad\u0131m ad\u0131m takip ederek, sonras\u0131nda \u00f6rnekleri inceleyerek kendi derlemelerinizi olu\u015fturabilir ya da zamandan tasarruf etmek istiyorsan\u0131z,<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    bu konuda uzmanla\u015fm\u0131\u015f \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma arkada\u015flar\u0131m\u0131za hangi alanda bir derleme yapmak istedi\u011finizi \u00a0ileti\u015fim adreslerimizden ileterek kolayl\u0131kla yapt\u0131rabilirsiniz. \u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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    Derleme<\/span> yazd\u0131rma sipari\u015fi veya<\/span> di\u011fer t\u00fcm dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k<\/span> talepleriniz i\u00e7in,<\/span> hemen sayfan\u0131n alt\u0131ndaki formu doldurarak veya whatsapp destek hatt\u0131m\u0131zdan bize ula\u015f\u0131n.<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    \n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n