{"id":3481,"date":"2021-01-24T13:25:51","date_gmt":"2021-01-24T10:25:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/?p=3481"},"modified":"2021-01-24T13:25:51","modified_gmt":"2021-01-24T10:25:51","slug":"tesadufi-genellemeler-felsefe-uzerine-arastirmalar-felsefenin-alanlari-nelerdir-felsefe-nasil-incelenir-felsefe-alaninda-odev-yaptirma-odev-yaptirma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/tesadufi-genellemeler-felsefe-uzerine-arastirmalar-felsefenin-alanlari-nelerdir-felsefe-nasil-incelenir-felsefe-alaninda-odev-yaptirma-odev-yaptirma\/","title":{"rendered":"Tesad\u00fcfi Genellemeler \u2013 Felsefe \u00dczerine Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar \u2013 Felsefenin Alanlar\u0131 Nelerdir? \u2013 Felsefe Nas\u0131l \u0130ncelenir \u2013 Felsefe Alan\u0131nda \u00d6dev Yapt\u0131rma \u2013 \u00d6dev Yapt\u0131rma Fiyatlar"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000;font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif\">Hempel ve Oppenheim Kesinti Modelinin ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir uygulamas\u0131 olarak nitelendirilebilmesi i\u00e7in iki ko\u015ful yerine getirilmelidir: \uf731) ko\u015fullu \u00f6nc\u00fcl ger\u00e7ek bir yasa olmal\u0131d\u0131r ve \uf732) ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 \u200b\u200bko\u015fullar\u0131 ve s\u0131n\u0131r ko\u015fullar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda \uf731 ila \uf737 aras\u0131ndaki ifadeler do\u011fru olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000;font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif\">Hempel ve Oppenheim, t\u00fcmdengelimli a\u00e7\u0131klama modeline ili\u015fkin tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda, pek \u00e7ok ger\u00e7ek bilimsel a\u00e7\u0131klaman\u0131n t\u00fcmdengelim modeline uymad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmeye dikkat ettiler. \u0130statistiksel yasalara dayanan bir\u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131klama i\u00e7in durum budur. Hempel&#8217;in sonraki bir denemede verdi\u011fi bir \u00f6rnek:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000;font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif\">Streptococcus enfeksiyonu olan hastalar\u0131n y\u00fcksek bir y\u00fczdesi penisilin verildikten sonraki \uf732\uf734 saat i\u00e7inde iyile\u015fir.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000;font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif\">Jones bir streptococcus enfeksiyonu ge\u00e7irdi ve penisilin verildi.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000;font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif\">Jones, penisilin ald\u0131ktan sonra \uf732\uf734 saat i\u00e7inde streptococcus enfeksiyonundan kurtuldu.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000;font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif\">Bu a\u00e7\u0131klay\u0131c\u0131 arg\u00fcman\u0131n t\u00fcmdengelim g\u00fcc\u00fc yoktur. Aksine, \u00f6nc\u00fcller sonuca yaln\u0131zca g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc t\u00fcmevar\u0131msal destek sa\u011flar. *<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif\">Hempel, b\u00f6ylelikle genel yasalar kapsam\u0131ndaki kapsam\u0131n t\u00fcmdengelimli veya t\u00fcmevar\u0131ml\u0131 olarak ba\u015far\u0131labilece\u011fini kabul etti. Bununla birlikte, kabul edilebilir her bilimsel a\u00e7\u0131klaman\u0131n, genel yasalar alt\u0131nda bir a\u00e7\u0131klaman\u0131n t\u00fcmdengelimli veya t\u00fcmevar\u0131msal kapsam\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erdi\u011fini tutarl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde savundu.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center\"><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif\">Tesad\u00fcfi Genellemeler<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000;font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif\">Ortodoks g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6re, ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir bilimsel a\u00e7\u0131klama, a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131n\u0131 genel yasalara dahil eder. Fakat belirli bir durumda \u00f6nc\u00fcllerin yasalar\u0131 i\u00e7erdi\u011finden nas\u0131l emin olabiliriz? A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki arg\u00fcman\u0131 ye\u015fil alev testi sonucunun bilimsel bir a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 olarak kabul ediyoruz.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000;font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif\">\u0130ki arg\u00fcman ayn\u0131 bi\u00e7ime sahiptir. Bununla birlikte, ilk arg\u00fcman a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131n\u0131 iyi niyetli bir yasa alt\u0131nda toplarken, ikinci arg\u00fcman a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131n\u0131 &#8220;sadece tesad\u00fcfi&#8221; bir genelleme alt\u0131nda tamamlar.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000;font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif\">Ortodoks teorisyenler, Hume\u2019un bilimsel yasalar konusundaki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc kabul ettiler. \u00d6rne\u011fin, R. B. Braithwaite, Hume&#8217;un tezinin temel k\u0131sm\u0131na kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131 &#8211; hukukun evrensellerinin nesnel olarak yaln\u0131zca olgunun evrenselleri oldu\u011funu ve do\u011fada gerekli ba\u011flant\u0131ya ait fazladan bir unsur olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia eden k\u0131s\u0131m.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000;font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif\">Ancak Braithwaite, Humean hukuk analizinde zorluklar oldu\u011funu kaydetti. Bir zorluk, Humean analizinin kanun benzeri t\u00fcmeller ile tesad\u00fcfi evrenseller aras\u0131ndaki ayr\u0131m\u0131 bulan\u0131kla\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000;font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif\">\u0130ki benzer sarka\u00e7l\u0131 saatin \uf739\uf730 \u00b0 faz d\u0131\u015f\u0131 olacak \u015fekilde d\u00fczenlendi\u011fini ve b\u00f6ylece iki saatin tiklerinin sabit s\u0131ral\u0131 birle\u015fimde oldu\u011funu varsayal\u0131m. Bilimsel yasalar, s\u00fcrekli ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 ifadelerden ba\u015fka bir \u015fey de\u011filse, o zaman a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ifade bir yasa olurdu:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000;font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif\">T\u00fcm x&#8217;ler i\u00e7in, e\u011fer x saatin bir tik tak\u0131ysa \uf731, o zaman x bir tik i\u015faretidir ve ard\u0131ndan saat 2&#8217;nin bir tik i\u015faretidir.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000;font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif\">\u015eimdi iki saatin sarka\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n tutukland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 varsayal\u0131m. &#8220;Yasa&#8221;, ger\u00e7e\u011fin tam tersi ko\u015fullu &#8220;E\u011fer saat tick \u00e7al\u0131\u015facak olsayd\u0131, o zaman bu tik i\u015faretini bir saat t\u0131klamas\u0131 \uf732&#8221; izler miydi? Muhtemelen hay\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #008000\">Olas\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 ve Olas\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olmayan \u00d6rnekleme t\u00fcrlerinin benzerlikleri ve farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #008000\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Olas\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131<\/a> \u00d6rnekleme Y\u00f6ntemleri<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #008000\">Ama\u00e7l\u0131 \u00d6rnekleme<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #008000\">Basit rastgele \u00d6rnekleme<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #008000\">Kota \u00d6rnekleme<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #008000\">\u00d6rnekleme Y\u00f6ntemleri Ders Notlar\u0131<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #008000\">\u00d6rnekleme \u00e7er\u00e7evesi<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #008000\">Makalede \u00f6rneklem nedir<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000;font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif\">\u00d6te yandan, \u201cger\u00e7ek bilimsel kanunlar\u201d ger\u00e7e\u011fe ayk\u0131r\u0131 \u015fart c\u00fcmlelerini destekler. &#8220;Baryumdan etkilenen t\u00fcm alevler ye\u015fildir&#8221; iddias\u0131, &#8220;e\u011fer bu alev baryumdan etkilenmi\u015f bir alev olsayd\u0131, o zaman ye\u015fil olurdu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000;font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif\">Dahas\u0131, bir tak\u0131m \u00f6nemli bilimsel yasalar, var olmayan idealize edilmi\u015f durumlara at\u0131fta bulunduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in, hi\u00e7 de s\u00fcrekli ba\u011fla\u00e7larla ilgili g\u00f6r\u00fcnmemektedir. \u0130deal Gaz Yasas\u0131 bu t\u00fcrden bir yasad\u0131r. Molek\u00fcllerin s\u0131f\u0131r uzama ve s\u0131f\u0131r molek\u00fcller aras\u0131 kuvvet alanlar\u0131na sahip oldu\u011fu gazlar olmasa da, b\u00f6yle bir gaz olsayd\u0131, bas\u0131nc\u0131, hacmi ve s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile ili\u015fkilendirilirdi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000;font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif\">\u00d6yleyse, hukuka benzer t\u00fcmeller ile tesad\u00fcfi evrenseller aras\u0131nda ilk bak\u0131\u015fta bir fark vard\u0131r. Hukuk benzeri evrenseller, ger\u00e7e\u011fe ayk\u0131r\u0131 ko\u015fullan destekler; tesad\u00fcfi evrenseller bunu yapmaz. Peki bu ba\u011flamda &#8220;destek&#8221; ne anlama geliyor?<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000;font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif\">Braithwaite&#8217;e g\u00f6re, bu &#8220;destek&#8221;, hukuk benzeri evrensel ile \u00fcst d\u00fczey genellemelerin t\u00fcmdengelimli ili\u015fkisinden kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r. E\u011fer h, yerle\u015fik bir t\u00fcmdengelim sisteminde h&#8217;nin kendisi i\u00e7in do\u011frudan kan\u0131t olmayan ampirik kan\u0131tlarla desteklenen daha y\u00fcksek seviyeli hipotezlerden bir \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131m olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131karsa, evrensel bir ko\u015fullu h&#8217;nin yasaya benzer oldu\u011funu \u00f6ne s\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000;font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif\">Baryum alev rengi genellemesi, atom teorisinin varsay\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcmdengelimli bir sonucudur. Ve bu varsay\u0131mlar i\u00e7in kapsaml\u0131 do\u011frulay\u0131c\u0131 kan\u0131tlar var (baryumdan etkilenen alevlerin renginin \u00fcst\u00fcnde ve \u00fcst\u00fcnde). \u0130ki saat hakk\u0131ndaki genelleme i\u00e7in b\u00f6yle bir t\u00fcmdengelimli ili\u015fki bilinmemektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000;font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif\">Ernest Nagel, ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde, bilimsel yasalar konusunda Hume&#8217;cu bir tavr\u0131 savundu. Hukuka benzer genellemelerin, \u201cgereklilik\u201d ve \u201colas\u0131l\u0131k\u201d gibi modal kavramlara at\u0131fta bulunulmaks\u0131z\u0131n tesad\u00fcfi genellemelerden ay\u0131rt edilebilece\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif\">Nagel, kanun benzeri t\u00fcmellerin d\u00f6rt \u00f6zelli\u011fini s\u0131ralad\u0131:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000;font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif\">1. Bir evrensel, yaln\u0131zca bo\u015f bir \u015fekilde do\u011fru oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in hukuka benzer bir stat\u00fc kazanmaz. Marsl\u0131 yoksa, &#8220;T\u00fcm Marsl\u0131lar ye\u015fildir&#8221; demek do\u011frudur. Ancak bu \u015fekilde elde edilen hakikat, bir beyana hukuka benzer bir stat\u00fc kazand\u0131rmaz.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif\">Elbette, bo\u015f yere do\u011fru kanunlar var. Ancak yasalar olarak stat\u00fcleri, bilimsel bir teoride di\u011fer yasalarla mant\u0131ksal ili\u015fkileriyle belirlenir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000;font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif\">2. Evrensel gibi bir \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn kapsam\u0131, daha fazla b\u00fcy\u00fctme i\u00e7in kapal\u0131 de\u011fildir. Aksine, tesad\u00fcfi bir evrenselin tahmin kapsam\u0131n\u0131n genellikle kapal\u0131 oldu\u011fu bilinmektedir. Buradaki bir \u00f6rnek, &#8220;Cebimdeki t\u00fcm madeni paralar bak\u0131r i\u00e7eriyor.&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\n<span style=\"color: #000000;font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif\">3. Hukuk benzeri evrenseller, \u00f6nc\u00fcl ve sonu\u00e7ta ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ko\u015fullar\u0131 sa\u011flayan bireyleri uzay veya zaman\u0131n belirli b\u00f6lgeleri ile s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rmaz.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000;font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif\">4. Hukuk benzeri evrenseller, genellikle, ayn\u0131 bilimsel t\u00fcmdengelim sistemindeki di\u011fer yasalar\u0131 do\u011frudan destekleyen kan\u0131tlardan dolayl\u0131 destek al\u0131rlar. \u00d6rne\u011fin, L1, L2 ve L3 yasalar\u0131 yorumlanan bir aksiyom sistemi i\u00e7inde birlikte t\u00fcretilebilirse, L2 ve L3&#8217;\u00fc do\u011frudan destekleyen kan\u0131t L1 i\u00e7in dolayl\u0131 destek sa\u011flar. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Boyle Yasas\u0131, Charles Yasas\u0131 ve Graham&#8217;\u0131n Yay\u0131lma Yasas\u0131, gazlar\u0131n kinetik teorisindeki t\u00fcmdengelimli sonu\u00e7lar oldu\u011fundan, Boyle Yasas\u0131, Charles Yasas\u0131n\u0131 veya Graham Yasas\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frulayan kan\u0131tlarla dolayl\u0131 olarak do\u011frulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tesad\u00fcfi evrenseller, aksine, bu t\u00fcr dolayl\u0131 deste\u011fi almazlar.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center\"><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif\">Bilimsel Hipotezlerin Do\u011frulanmas\u0131<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif\">Hempel, bilimsel bir hipotezin de\u011ferlendirilmesinde \u00fc\u00e7 a\u015fama oldu\u011funu \u00f6ne s\u00fcrd\u00fc:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000;font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif\">1. G\u00f6zlemlerin veya deneylerin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 belirten g\u00f6zlem raporlar\u0131 toplamak;<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif\">2. Bu g\u00f6zlem raporlar\u0131n\u0131n hipotezi do\u011frulay\u0131p onaylamad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, onaylamad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan veya tarafs\u0131z olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olmak; ve<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif\">3. Bu do\u011frulay\u0131c\u0131 veya do\u011frulay\u0131c\u0131 kan\u0131t\u0131n \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda hipotez hakk\u0131ndaki yarg\u0131y\u0131 kabul edip etmeme, reddetme veya ask\u0131ya alma karar\u0131 vermek.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hempel ve Oppenheim Kesinti Modelinin ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir uygulamas\u0131 olarak nitelendirilebilmesi i\u00e7in iki ko\u015ful yerine getirilmelidir: \uf731) ko\u015fullu \u00f6nc\u00fcl ger\u00e7ek bir yasa olmal\u0131d\u0131r ve \uf732) ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 \u200b\u200bko\u015fullar\u0131 ve s\u0131n\u0131r ko\u015fullar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda \uf731 ila \uf737 aras\u0131ndaki ifadeler do\u011fru olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Hempel ve Oppenheim, t\u00fcmdengelimli a\u00e7\u0131klama modeline ili\u015fkin tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda, pek \u00e7ok ger\u00e7ek bilimsel a\u00e7\u0131klaman\u0131n t\u00fcmdengelim modeline uymad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmeye&hellip; <br \/> <a class=\"button small blue\" href=\"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/tesadufi-genellemeler-felsefe-uzerine-arastirmalar-felsefenin-alanlari-nelerdir-felsefe-nasil-incelenir-felsefe-alaninda-odev-yaptirma-odev-yaptirma\/\">Devam\u0131<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":3149,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5929,5930,5928,5927,5931],"tags":[5934,5935,5936,5939,5933,5932,5938,5937],"class_list":["post-3481","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-amacli-ornekleme","category-basit-rastgele-ornekleme","category-olasilikli-ornekleme-yontemleri","category-olasilikli-ve-olasilikli-olmayan-ornekleme-turlerinin-benzerlikleri-ve-farkliliklari","category-ornekleme-yontemleri-ders-notlari","tag-amacli-ornekleme","tag-basit-rastgele-ornekleme","tag-kota-ornekleme","tag-makalede-orneklem-nedir","tag-olasilikli-ornekleme-yontemleri","tag-olasilikli-ve-olasilikli-olmayan-ornekleme-turlerinin-benzerlikleri-ve-farkliliklari","tag-ornekleme-cercevesi","tag-ornekleme-yontemleri-ders-notlari"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO Pro 4.9.4.2 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Hempel ve Oppenheim Kesinti Modelinin ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir uygulamas\u0131 olarak nitelendirilebilmesi i\u00e7in iki ko\u015ful yerine getirilmelidir: \uf731) ko\u015fullu \u00f6nc\u00fcl ger\u00e7ek bir yasa olmal\u0131d\u0131r ve \uf732) ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 \u200b\u200bko\u015fullar\u0131 ve s\u0131n\u0131r ko\u015fullar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda \uf731 ila \uf737 aras\u0131ndaki ifadeler do\u011fru olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Hempel ve Oppenheim, t\u00fcmdengelimli a\u00e7\u0131klama modeline ili\u015fkin tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda, pek \u00e7ok ger\u00e7ek bilimsel a\u00e7\u0131klaman\u0131n t\u00fcmdengelim modeline uymad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmeye\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"terc\u00fcman terc\u00fcman\"\/>\n\t<meta name=\"google-site-verification\" content=\"_Do0m5hW5EZGn6W1I0rvGqv6s_5Fr6nHI8Uj9qTWHMM\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"keywords\" content=\"ama\u00e7l\u0131 \u00f6rnekleme,basit rastgele \u00f6rnekleme,kota \u00f6rnekleme,makalede \u00f6rneklem nedir,olas\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 \u00f6rnekleme y\u00f6ntemleri,olas\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 ve olas\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olmayan \u00f6rnekleme t\u00fcrlerinin benzerlikleri ve farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131,\u00f6rnekleme \u00e7er\u00e7evesi,\u00f6rnekleme y\u00f6ntemleri ders notlar\u0131\" \/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/tesadufi-genellemeler-felsefe-uzerine-arastirmalar-felsefenin-alanlari-nelerdir-felsefe-nasil-incelenir-felsefe-alaninda-odev-yaptirma-odev-yaptirma\/\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO Pro (AIOSEO) 4.9.4.2\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"En \u0130yi Essay | bestessayhomework@gmail.com - Bize Mail Kanal\u0131m\u0131zdan veya sa\u011f alt k\u00f6\u015fedeki Whatsapp tu\u015fundan Ula\u015f\u0131n - 0 (312) 276 75 93 -Essay Yapt\u0131rma, Essay Yazd\u0131rma, Parayla Essay Yazd\u0131rma, Parayla Essay Yapt\u0131rma, \u00dccretli Essay, \u00dccretli Essay Yapt\u0131rma, Profesyonel Essay Yapt\u0131rma,   Essay Projesi Yapt\u0131r, Essay \u00d6dev Yard\u0131m\u0131 Al, Essay D\u00fczenleme, Essay Projesi Yapt\u0131r,   Essay Sepeti, Essay Fiyat Teklifi Al, Essay Dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k, Essay Ar\u015fivleri, Essay Kategorisi,   Essay Yazd\u0131rmak, Essay Yazd\u0131rma \u00dccreti, Essay Sunum, Essay \u00c7eviri, Essay Yazd\u0131rma \u00dccreti,   \u00dccretli Essay Yazd\u0131rma, Essay Yazd\u0131rma Siteleri, Parayla Essay Yazma, \u00d6dev Yazd\u0131rma, Essay Yazd\u0131rmak \u0130stiyorum,   Research Paper Yazd\u0131rmak, Argumentative Essay Topics, Cause Effect Essay \u00d6rnekleri, Classification Essay, Essay \u00c7e\u015fitleri,   Essay Rehberi, Opinion Essay Examples, Makale Yazd\u0131rma, Kompozisyon Yazd\u0131rma, Parayla Makale Yazd\u0131rma,   Parayla Kompozisyon Yazd\u0131rma, \u00dccretli Makale, \u00dccretli Kompozisyon, Profesyonel Makale Yapt\u0131rma, Profesyonel Kompozisyon Yapt\u0131rma,   Makale Projesi Yapt\u0131r, Makale \u00d6dev Yard\u0131m\u0131 Al, Makale D\u00fczenleme, Makale Projesi Yapt\u0131r, Makale Sepeti,   Makale Fiyat Teklifi Al, Makale Dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k, Makale Ar\u015fivleri, Makale Kategorisi, Makale Yazd\u0131rmak, Makale Yazd\u0131rma \u00dccreti,   Makale Sunum, Makale \u00c7eviri, Makale Yazd\u0131rma \u00dccreti, \u00dccretli Makale Yazd\u0131rma, Makale Yazd\u0131rma Siteleri, Parayla Makale Yazma, Makale Sepeti,  Makale Yazd\u0131rmak \u0130stiyorum, \u00d6dev Dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00d6dev Yapt\u0131rma, Tez Yazd\u0131rma, Makale YAZDIRMA siteleri, Parayla makale YAZDIRMA, Seo makale fiyatlar\u0131, Sayfa ba\u015f\u0131 yaz\u0131 yazma \u00fccreti, \u0130ngilizce makale yazd\u0131rma, Akademik makale YAZDIRMA, Makale Fiyatlar\u0131 2022, Makale yazma, Blog Yazd\u0131rma, Blog Yazd\u0131rmak \u0130stiyorum, Essay yazma Uygulamas\u0131, Essay Yazma sitesi, \u0130ngilizce metin yazma sitesi, Writing yazma sitesi, Essay d\u00fczeltici, Essay Kontrol ettirme, Gramer kontrol, \u0130ngilizce Gramer d\u00fczeltme uygulamas\u0131, \u0130ngilizce c\u00fcmle d\u00fczeltme sitesi, Essay kontrol siteleri, Tez Yapt\u0131rma, Seo Uyumlu Blog Yapt\u0131rma\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Tesad\u00fcfi Genellemeler \u2013 Felsefe \u00dczerine Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar \u2013 Felsefenin Alanlar\u0131 Nelerdir? \u2013 Felsefe Nas\u0131l \u0130ncelenir \u2013 Felsefe Alan\u0131nda \u00d6dev Yapt\u0131rma \u2013 \u00d6dev Yapt\u0131rma Fiyatlar | En \u0130yi Essay\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Hempel ve Oppenheim Kesinti Modelinin ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir uygulamas\u0131 olarak nitelendirilebilmesi i\u00e7in iki ko\u015ful yerine getirilmelidir: \uf731) ko\u015fullu \u00f6nc\u00fcl ger\u00e7ek bir yasa olmal\u0131d\u0131r ve \uf732) ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 \u200b\u200bko\u015fullar\u0131 ve s\u0131n\u0131r ko\u015fullar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda \uf731 ila \uf737 aras\u0131ndaki ifadeler do\u011fru olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Hempel ve Oppenheim, t\u00fcmdengelimli a\u00e7\u0131klama modeline ili\u015fkin tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda, pek \u00e7ok ger\u00e7ek bilimsel a\u00e7\u0131klaman\u0131n t\u00fcmdengelim modeline uymad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmeye\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/tesadufi-genellemeler-felsefe-uzerine-arastirmalar-felsefenin-alanlari-nelerdir-felsefe-nasil-incelenir-felsefe-alaninda-odev-yaptirma-odev-yaptirma\/\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/10.webp\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:secure_url\" content=\"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/10.webp\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1280\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"720\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-01-24T10:25:51+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-01-24T10:25:51+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Tesad\u00fcfi Genellemeler \u2013 Felsefe \u00dczerine Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar \u2013 Felsefenin Alanlar\u0131 Nelerdir? \u2013 Felsefe Nas\u0131l \u0130ncelenir \u2013 Felsefe Alan\u0131nda \u00d6dev Yapt\u0131rma \u2013 \u00d6dev Yapt\u0131rma Fiyatlar | En \u0130yi Essay\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"Hempel ve Oppenheim Kesinti Modelinin ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir uygulamas\u0131 olarak nitelendirilebilmesi i\u00e7in iki ko\u015ful yerine getirilmelidir: \uf731) ko\u015fullu \u00f6nc\u00fcl ger\u00e7ek bir yasa olmal\u0131d\u0131r ve \uf732) ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 \u200b\u200bko\u015fullar\u0131 ve s\u0131n\u0131r ko\u015fullar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda \uf731 ila \uf737 aras\u0131ndaki ifadeler do\u011fru olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Hempel ve Oppenheim, t\u00fcmdengelimli a\u00e7\u0131klama modeline ili\u015fkin tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda, pek \u00e7ok ger\u00e7ek bilimsel a\u00e7\u0131klaman\u0131n t\u00fcmdengelim modeline uymad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmeye\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:image\" content=\"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/10.webp\" \/>\n\t\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"aioseo-schema\">\n\t\t\t{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bestessayhomework.com\\\/tr\\\/tesadufi-genellemeler-felsefe-uzerine-arastirmalar-felsefenin-alanlari-nelerdir-felsefe-nasil-incelenir-felsefe-alaninda-odev-yaptirma-odev-yaptirma\\\/#article\",\"name\":\"Tesad\\u00fcfi Genellemeler \\u2013 Felsefe \\u00dczerine Ara\\u015ft\\u0131rmalar \\u2013 Felsefenin Alanlar\\u0131 Nelerdir? \\u2013 Felsefe Nas\\u0131l \\u0130ncelenir \\u2013 Felsefe Alan\\u0131nda \\u00d6dev Yapt\\u0131rma \\u2013 \\u00d6dev Yapt\\u0131rma Fiyatlar | En \\u0130yi Essay\",\"headline\":\"Tesad\\u00fcfi Genellemeler \\u2013 Felsefe \\u00dczerine Ara\\u015ft\\u0131rmalar \\u2013 Felsefenin Alanlar\\u0131 Nelerdir? \\u2013 Felsefe Nas\\u0131l \\u0130ncelenir \\u2013 Felsefe Alan\\u0131nda \\u00d6dev Yapt\\u0131rma \\u2013 \\u00d6dev Yapt\\u0131rma Fiyatlar\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bestessayhomework.com\\\/tr\\\/author\\\/tercuman32\\\/#author\"},\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bestessayhomework.com\\\/tr\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bestessayhomework.com\\\/tr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/01\\\/diyalektik-felsefe-nedir.jpg\",\"width\":600,\"height\":400,\"caption\":\"Hempel ve Oppenheim Kesinti Modelinin ba\\u015far\\u0131l\\u0131 bir uygulamas\\u0131 olarak nitelendirilebilmesi i\\u00e7in iki ko\\u015ful yerine getirilmelidir: \\uf731) ko\\u015fullu \\u00f6nc\\u00fcl ger\\u00e7ek bir yasa olmal\\u0131d\\u0131r ve \\uf732) ba\\u015flang\\u0131\\u00e7 \\u200b\\u200bko\\u015fullar\\u0131 ve s\\u0131n\\u0131r ko\\u015fullar\\u0131 hakk\\u0131nda \\uf731 ila \\uf737 aras\\u0131ndaki ifadeler do\\u011fru olmal\\u0131d\\u0131r.\\n\\nHempel ve Oppenheim, t\\u00fcmdengelimli a\\u00e7\\u0131klama modeline ili\\u015fkin tart\\u0131\\u015fmalar\\u0131 s\\u0131ras\\u0131nda, pek \\u00e7ok ger\\u00e7ek bilimsel a\\u00e7\\u0131klaman\\u0131n t\\u00fcmdengelim modeline uymad\\u0131\\u011f\\u0131n\\u0131 belirtmeye dikkat ettiler. \\u0130statistiksel yasalara dayanan bir\\u00e7ok a\\u00e7\\u0131klama i\\u00e7in durum budur. Hempel'in sonraki bir denemede verdi\\u011fi bir \\u00f6rnek:\\n\\nStreptococcus enfeksiyonu olan hastalar\\u0131n y\\u00fcksek bir y\\u00fczdesi penisilin verildikten sonraki \\uf732\\uf734 saat i\\u00e7inde iyile\\u015fir.\\nJones bir streptococcus enfeksiyonu ge\\u00e7irdi ve penisilin verildi.\\nJones, penisilin ald\\u0131ktan sonra \\uf732\\uf734 saat i\\u00e7inde streptococcus enfeksiyonundan kurtuldu.\\nBu a\\u00e7\\u0131klay\\u0131c\\u0131 arg\\u00fcman\\u0131n t\\u00fcmdengelim g\\u00fcc\\u00fc yoktur. Aksine, \\u00f6nc\\u00fcller sonuca yaln\\u0131zca g\\u00fc\\u00e7l\\u00fc t\\u00fcmevar\\u0131msal destek sa\\u011flar. *\\nHempel, b\\u00f6ylelikle genel yasalar kapsam\\u0131ndaki kapsam\\u0131n t\\u00fcmdengelimli veya t\\u00fcmevar\\u0131ml\\u0131 olarak ba\\u015far\\u0131labilece\\u011fini kabul etti. Bununla birlikte, kabul edilebilir her bilimsel a\\u00e7\\u0131klaman\\u0131n, genel yasalar alt\\u0131nda bir a\\u00e7\\u0131klaman\\u0131n t\\u00fcmdengelimli veya t\\u00fcmevar\\u0131msal kapsam\\u0131n\\u0131 i\\u00e7erdi\\u011fini tutarl\\u0131 bir \\u015fekilde savundu.\\n\\nTesad\\u00fcfi Genellemeler\\n\\nOrtodoks g\\u00f6r\\u00fc\\u015fe g\\u00f6re, ba\\u015far\\u0131l\\u0131 bir bilimsel a\\u00e7\\u0131klama, a\\u00e7\\u0131klamas\\u0131n\\u0131 genel yasalara dahil eder. Fakat belirli bir durumda \\u00f6nc\\u00fcllerin yasalar\\u0131 i\\u00e7erdi\\u011finden nas\\u0131l emin olabiliriz? A\\u015fa\\u011f\\u0131daki arg\\u00fcman\\u0131 ye\\u015fil alev testi sonucunun bilimsel bir a\\u00e7\\u0131klamas\\u0131 olarak kabul ediyoruz.\\n\\n\\u0130ki arg\\u00fcman ayn\\u0131 bi\\u00e7ime sahiptir. Bununla birlikte, ilk arg\\u00fcman a\\u00e7\\u0131klamas\\u0131n\\u0131 iyi niyetli bir yasa alt\\u0131nda toplarken, ikinci arg\\u00fcman a\\u00e7\\u0131klamas\\u0131n\\u0131 \\\"sadece tesad\\u00fcfi\\\" bir genelleme alt\\u0131nda tamamlar.\\n\\nOrtodoks teorisyenler, Hume\\u2019un bilimsel yasalar konusundaki g\\u00f6r\\u00fc\\u015f\\u00fcn\\u00fc kabul ettiler. \\u00d6rne\\u011fin, R. B. Braithwaite, Hume'un tezinin temel k\\u0131sm\\u0131na kat\\u0131ld\\u0131\\u011f\\u0131m\\u0131 a\\u00e7\\u0131klad\\u0131 - hukukun evrensellerinin nesnel olarak yaln\\u0131zca olgunun evrenselleri oldu\\u011funu ve do\\u011fada gerekli ba\\u011flant\\u0131ya ait fazladan bir unsur olmad\\u0131\\u011f\\u0131n\\u0131 iddia eden k\\u0131s\\u0131m.\\n\\nAncak Braithwaite, Humean hukuk analizinde zorluklar oldu\\u011funu kaydetti. Bir zorluk, Humean analizinin kanun benzeri t\\u00fcmeller ile tesad\\u00fcfi evrenseller aras\\u0131ndaki ayr\\u0131m\\u0131 bulan\\u0131kla\\u015ft\\u0131rmas\\u0131d\\u0131r.\\n\\n\\u0130ki benzer sarka\\u00e7l\\u0131 saatin \\uf739\\uf730 \\u00b0 faz d\\u0131\\u015f\\u0131 olacak \\u015fekilde d\\u00fczenlendi\\u011fini ve b\\u00f6ylece iki saatin tiklerinin sabit s\\u0131ral\\u0131 birle\\u015fimde oldu\\u011funu varsayal\\u0131m. Bilimsel yasalar, s\\u00fcrekli ba\\u011flant\\u0131l\\u0131 ifadelerden ba\\u015fka bir \\u015fey de\\u011filse, o zaman a\\u015fa\\u011f\\u0131daki ifade bir yasa olurdu:\\n\\nT\\u00fcm x'ler i\\u00e7in, e\\u011fer x saatin bir tik tak\\u0131ysa \\uf731, o zaman x bir tik i\\u015faretidir ve ard\\u0131ndan saat 2'nin bir tik i\\u015faretidir.\\n\\u015eimdi iki saatin sarka\\u00e7lar\\u0131n\\u0131n tutukland\\u0131\\u011f\\u0131n\\u0131 varsayal\\u0131m. \\\"Yasa\\\", ger\\u00e7e\\u011fin tam tersi ko\\u015fullu \\\"E\\u011fer saat tick \\u00e7al\\u0131\\u015facak olsayd\\u0131, o zaman bu tik i\\u015faretini bir saat t\\u0131klamas\\u0131 \\uf732\\\" izler miydi? Muhtemelen hay\\u0131r.\\n\\nOlas\\u0131l\\u0131kl\\u0131 ve Olas\\u0131l\\u0131kl\\u0131 olmayan \\u00d6rnekleme t\\u00fcrlerinin benzerlikleri ve farkl\\u0131l\\u0131klar\\u0131\\nOlas\\u0131l\\u0131kl\\u0131 \\u00d6rnekleme Y\\u00f6ntemleri\\nAma\\u00e7l\\u0131 \\u00d6rnekleme\\nBasit rastgele \\u00d6rnekleme\\nKota \\u00d6rnekleme\\n\\u00d6rnekleme Y\\u00f6ntemleri Ders Notlar\\u0131\\n\\u00d6rnekleme \\u00e7er\\u00e7evesi\\nMakalede \\u00f6rneklem nedir\\n\\n\\u00d6te yandan, \\u201cger\\u00e7ek bilimsel kanunlar\\u201d ger\\u00e7e\\u011fe ayk\\u0131r\\u0131 \\u015fart c\\u00fcmlelerini destekler. \\\"Baryumdan etkilenen t\\u00fcm alevler ye\\u015fildir\\\" iddias\\u0131, \\\"e\\u011fer bu alev baryumdan etkilenmi\\u015f bir alev olsayd\\u0131, o zaman ye\\u015fil olurdu.\\n\\nDahas\\u0131, bir tak\\u0131m \\u00f6nemli bilimsel yasalar, var olmayan idealize edilmi\\u015f durumlara at\\u0131fta bulunduklar\\u0131 i\\u00e7in, hi\\u00e7 de s\\u00fcrekli ba\\u011fla\\u00e7larla ilgili g\\u00f6r\\u00fcnmemektedir. \\u0130deal Gaz Yasas\\u0131 bu t\\u00fcrden bir yasad\\u0131r. Molek\\u00fcllerin s\\u0131f\\u0131r uzama ve s\\u0131f\\u0131r molek\\u00fcller aras\\u0131 kuvvet alanlar\\u0131na sahip oldu\\u011fu gazlar olmasa da, b\\u00f6yle bir gaz olsayd\\u0131, bas\\u0131nc\\u0131, hacmi ve s\\u0131cakl\\u0131\\u011f\\u0131 ile ili\\u015fkilendirilirdi.\\n\\n\\u00d6yleyse, hukuka benzer t\\u00fcmeller ile tesad\\u00fcfi evrenseller aras\\u0131nda ilk bak\\u0131\\u015fta bir fark vard\\u0131r. Hukuk benzeri evrenseller, ger\\u00e7e\\u011fe ayk\\u0131r\\u0131 ko\\u015fullan destekler; tesad\\u00fcfi evrenseller bunu yapmaz. Peki bu ba\\u011flamda \\\"destek\\\" ne anlama geliyor?\\n\\nBraithwaite'e g\\u00f6re, bu \\\"destek\\\", hukuk benzeri evrensel ile \\u00fcst d\\u00fczey genellemelerin t\\u00fcmdengelimli ili\\u015fkisinden kaynaklanmaktad\\u0131r. E\\u011fer h, yerle\\u015fik bir t\\u00fcmdengelim sisteminde h'nin kendisi i\\u00e7in do\\u011frudan kan\\u0131t olmayan ampirik kan\\u0131tlarla desteklenen daha y\\u00fcksek seviyeli hipotezlerden bir \\u00e7\\u0131kar\\u0131m olarak ortaya \\u00e7\\u0131karsa, evrensel bir ko\\u015fullu h'nin yasaya benzer oldu\\u011funu \\u00f6ne s\\u00fcrd\\u00fc.\\n\\nBaryum alev rengi genellemesi, atom teorisinin varsay\\u0131mlar\\u0131n\\u0131n t\\u00fcmdengelimli bir sonucudur. Ve bu varsay\\u0131mlar i\\u00e7in kapsaml\\u0131 do\\u011frulay\\u0131c\\u0131 kan\\u0131tlar var (baryumdan etkilenen alevlerin renginin \\u00fcst\\u00fcnde ve \\u00fcst\\u00fcnde). \\u0130ki saat hakk\\u0131ndaki genelleme i\\u00e7in b\\u00f6yle bir t\\u00fcmdengelimli ili\\u015fki bilinmemektedir.\\n\\nErnest Nagel, ayn\\u0131 \\u015fekilde, bilimsel yasalar konusunda Hume'cu bir tavr\\u0131 savundu. Hukuka benzer genellemelerin, \\u201cgereklilik\\u201d ve \\u201colas\\u0131l\\u0131k\\u201d gibi modal kavramlara at\\u0131fta bulunulmaks\\u0131z\\u0131n tesad\\u00fcfi genellemelerden ay\\u0131rt edilebilece\\u011fini ileri s\\u00fcrm\\u00fc\\u015ft\\u00fcr.\\n\\nNagel, kanun benzeri t\\u00fcmellerin d\\u00f6rt \\u00f6zelli\\u011fini s\\u0131ralad\\u0131:\\n\\n1. Bir evrensel, yaln\\u0131zca bo\\u015f bir \\u015fekilde do\\u011fru oldu\\u011fu i\\u00e7in hukuka benzer bir stat\\u00fc kazanmaz. Marsl\\u0131 yoksa, \\\"T\\u00fcm Marsl\\u0131lar ye\\u015fildir\\\" demek do\\u011frudur. Ancak bu \\u015fekilde elde edilen hakikat, bir beyana hukuka benzer bir stat\\u00fc kazand\\u0131rmaz.\\nElbette, bo\\u015f yere do\\u011fru kanunlar var. Ancak yasalar olarak stat\\u00fcleri, bilimsel bir teoride di\\u011fer yasalarla mant\\u0131ksal ili\\u015fkileriyle belirlenir.\\n\\n2. Evrensel gibi bir \\u00f6ng\\u00f6r\\u00fcn\\u00fcn kapsam\\u0131, daha fazla b\\u00fcy\\u00fctme i\\u00e7in kapal\\u0131 de\\u011fildir. Aksine, tesad\\u00fcfi bir evrenselin tahmin kapsam\\u0131n\\u0131n genellikle kapal\\u0131 oldu\\u011fu bilinmektedir. Buradaki bir \\u00f6rnek, \\\"Cebimdeki t\\u00fcm madeni paralar bak\\u0131r i\\u00e7eriyor.\\\"\\n\\n\\n3. Hukuk benzeri evrenseller, \\u00f6nc\\u00fcl ve sonu\\u00e7ta ortaya \\u00e7\\u0131kan ko\\u015fullar\\u0131 sa\\u011flayan bireyleri uzay veya zaman\\u0131n belirli b\\u00f6lgeleri ile s\\u0131n\\u0131rland\\u0131rmaz.\\n\\n4. Hukuk benzeri evrenseller, genellikle, ayn\\u0131 bilimsel t\\u00fcmdengelim sistemindeki di\\u011fer yasalar\\u0131 do\\u011frudan destekleyen kan\\u0131tlardan dolayl\\u0131 destek al\\u0131rlar. \\u00d6rne\\u011fin, L1, L2 ve L3 yasalar\\u0131 yorumlanan bir aksiyom sistemi i\\u00e7inde birlikte t\\u00fcretilebilirse, L2 ve L3'\\u00fc do\\u011frudan destekleyen kan\\u0131t L1 i\\u00e7in dolayl\\u0131 destek sa\\u011flar. \\u00d6rne\\u011fin, Boyle Yasas\\u0131, Charles Yasas\\u0131 ve Graham'\\u0131n Yay\\u0131lma Yasas\\u0131, gazlar\\u0131n kinetik teorisindeki t\\u00fcmdengelimli sonu\\u00e7lar oldu\\u011fundan, Boyle Yasas\\u0131, Charles Yasas\\u0131n\\u0131 veya Graham Yasas\\u0131n\\u0131 do\\u011frulayan kan\\u0131tlarla dolayl\\u0131 olarak do\\u011frulanm\\u0131\\u015ft\\u0131r. Tesad\\u00fcfi evrenseller, aksine, bu t\\u00fcr dolayl\\u0131 deste\\u011fi almazlar.\\n\\nBilimsel Hipotezlerin Do\\u011frulanmas\\u0131\\n\\nHempel, bilimsel bir hipotezin de\\u011ferlendirilmesinde \\u00fc\\u00e7 a\\u015fama oldu\\u011funu \\u00f6ne s\\u00fcrd\\u00fc:\\n\\n1. G\\u00f6zlemlerin veya deneylerin sonu\\u00e7lar\\u0131n\\u0131 belirten g\\u00f6zlem raporlar\\u0131 toplamak;\\n2. Bu g\\u00f6zlem raporlar\\u0131n\\u0131n hipotezi do\\u011frulay\\u0131p onaylamad\\u0131\\u011f\\u0131ndan, onaylamad\\u0131\\u011f\\u0131ndan veya tarafs\\u0131z olup olmad\\u0131\\u011f\\u0131ndan emin olmak; ve\\n3. Bu do\\u011frulay\\u0131c\\u0131 veya do\\u011frulay\\u0131c\\u0131 kan\\u0131t\\u0131n \\u0131\\u015f\\u0131\\u011f\\u0131nda hipotez hakk\\u0131ndaki yarg\\u0131y\\u0131 kabul edip etmeme, reddetme veya ask\\u0131ya alma karar\\u0131 vermek.\"},\"datePublished\":\"2021-01-24T13:25:51+03:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-01-24T13:25:51+03:00\",\"inLanguage\":\"tr-TR\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bestessayhomework.com\\\/tr\\\/tesadufi-genellemeler-felsefe-uzerine-arastirmalar-felsefenin-alanlari-nelerdir-felsefe-nasil-incelenir-felsefe-alaninda-odev-yaptirma-odev-yaptirma\\\/#webpage\"},\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bestessayhomework.com\\\/tr\\\/tesadufi-genellemeler-felsefe-uzerine-arastirmalar-felsefenin-alanlari-nelerdir-felsefe-nasil-incelenir-felsefe-alaninda-odev-yaptirma-odev-yaptirma\\\/#webpage\"},\"articleSection\":\"Ama\\u00e7l\\u0131 \\u00d6rnekleme, Basit rastgele \\u00d6rnekleme, Olas\\u0131l\\u0131kl\\u0131 \\u00d6rnekleme Y\\u00f6ntemleri, Olas\\u0131l\\u0131kl\\u0131 ve Olas\\u0131l\\u0131kl\\u0131 olmayan \\u00d6rnekleme t\\u00fcrlerinin benzerlikleri ve farkl\\u0131l\\u0131klar\\u0131, \\u00d6rnekleme Y\\u00f6ntemleri Ders Notlar\\u0131, Ama\\u00e7l\\u0131 \\u00d6rnekleme, Basit rastgele \\u00d6rnekleme, Kota \\u00d6rnekleme, Makalede \\u00f6rneklem nedir, Olas\\u0131l\\u0131kl\\u0131 \\u00d6rnekleme Y\\u00f6ntemleri, Olas\\u0131l\\u0131kl\\u0131 ve Olas\\u0131l\\u0131kl\\u0131 olmayan \\u00d6rnekleme t\\u00fcrlerinin benzerlikleri ve farkl\\u0131l\\u0131klar\\u0131, \\u00d6rnekleme \\u00e7er\\u00e7evesi, \\u00d6rnekleme Y\\u00f6ntemleri Ders Notlar\\u0131\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bestessayhomework.com\\\/tr\\\/tesadufi-genellemeler-felsefe-uzerine-arastirmalar-felsefenin-alanlari-nelerdir-felsefe-nasil-incelenir-felsefe-alaninda-odev-yaptirma-odev-yaptirma\\\/#breadcrumblist\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bestessayhomework.com\\\/tr#listItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Ev\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bestessayhomework.com\\\/tr\",\"nextItem\":{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bestessayhomework.com\\\/tr\\\/category\\\/olasilikli-ve-olasilikli-olmayan-ornekleme-turlerinin-benzerlikleri-ve-farkliliklari\\\/#listItem\",\"name\":\"Olas\\u0131l\\u0131kl\\u0131 ve Olas\\u0131l\\u0131kl\\u0131 olmayan \\u00d6rnekleme t\\u00fcrlerinin benzerlikleri ve farkl\\u0131l\\u0131klar\\u0131\"}},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bestessayhomework.com\\\/tr\\\/category\\\/olasilikli-ve-olasilikli-olmayan-ornekleme-turlerinin-benzerlikleri-ve-farkliliklari\\\/#listItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Olas\\u0131l\\u0131kl\\u0131 ve Olas\\u0131l\\u0131kl\\u0131 olmayan \\u00d6rnekleme t\\u00fcrlerinin benzerlikleri ve farkl\\u0131l\\u0131klar\\u0131\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bestessayhomework.com\\\/tr\\\/category\\\/olasilikli-ve-olasilikli-olmayan-ornekleme-turlerinin-benzerlikleri-ve-farkliliklari\\\/\",\"nextItem\":{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bestessayhomework.com\\\/tr\\\/tesadufi-genellemeler-felsefe-uzerine-arastirmalar-felsefenin-alanlari-nelerdir-felsefe-nasil-incelenir-felsefe-alaninda-odev-yaptirma-odev-yaptirma\\\/#listItem\",\"name\":\"Tesad\\u00fcfi Genellemeler \\u2013 Felsefe \\u00dczerine Ara\\u015ft\\u0131rmalar \\u2013 Felsefenin Alanlar\\u0131 Nelerdir? \\u2013 Felsefe Nas\\u0131l \\u0130ncelenir \\u2013 Felsefe Alan\\u0131nda \\u00d6dev Yapt\\u0131rma \\u2013 \\u00d6dev Yapt\\u0131rma Fiyatlar\"},\"previousItem\":{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bestessayhomework.com\\\/tr#listItem\",\"name\":\"Ev\"}},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bestessayhomework.com\\\/tr\\\/tesadufi-genellemeler-felsefe-uzerine-arastirmalar-felsefenin-alanlari-nelerdir-felsefe-nasil-incelenir-felsefe-alaninda-odev-yaptirma-odev-yaptirma\\\/#listItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Tesad\\u00fcfi Genellemeler \\u2013 Felsefe \\u00dczerine Ara\\u015ft\\u0131rmalar \\u2013 Felsefenin Alanlar\\u0131 Nelerdir? \\u2013 Felsefe Nas\\u0131l \\u0130ncelenir \\u2013 Felsefe Alan\\u0131nda \\u00d6dev Yapt\\u0131rma \\u2013 \\u00d6dev Yapt\\u0131rma Fiyatlar\",\"previousItem\":{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bestessayhomework.com\\\/tr\\\/category\\\/olasilikli-ve-olasilikli-olmayan-ornekleme-turlerinin-benzerlikleri-ve-farkliliklari\\\/#listItem\",\"name\":\"Olas\\u0131l\\u0131kl\\u0131 ve Olas\\u0131l\\u0131kl\\u0131 olmayan \\u00d6rnekleme t\\u00fcrlerinin benzerlikleri ve farkl\\u0131l\\u0131klar\\u0131\"}}]},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bestessayhomework.com\\\/tr\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Essay Yapt\\u0131rma\",\"description\":\"bestessayhomework@gmail.com - Bize Mail Kanal\\u0131m\\u0131zdan veya sa\\u011f alt k\\u00f6\\u015fedeki Whatsapp tu\\u015fundan Ula\\u015f\\u0131n - 0 (312) 276 75 93 -Essay Yapt\\u0131rma, Essay Yazd\\u0131rma, Parayla Essay Yazd\\u0131rma, Parayla Essay Yapt\\u0131rma, \\u00dccretli Essay, \\u00dccretli Essay Yapt\\u0131rma, Profesyonel Essay Yapt\\u0131rma,   Essay Projesi Yapt\\u0131r, Essay \\u00d6dev Yard\\u0131m\\u0131 Al, Essay D\\u00fczenleme, Essay Projesi Yapt\\u0131r,   Essay Sepeti, Essay Fiyat Teklifi Al, Essay Dan\\u0131\\u015fmanl\\u0131k, Essay Ar\\u015fivleri, Essay Kategorisi,   Essay Yazd\\u0131rmak, Essay Yazd\\u0131rma \\u00dccreti, Essay Sunum, Essay \\u00c7eviri, Essay Yazd\\u0131rma \\u00dccreti,   \\u00dccretli Essay Yazd\\u0131rma, Essay Yazd\\u0131rma Siteleri, Parayla Essay Yazma, \\u00d6dev Yazd\\u0131rma, Essay Yazd\\u0131rmak \\u0130stiyorum,   Research Paper Yazd\\u0131rmak, Argumentative Essay Topics, Cause Effect Essay \\u00d6rnekleri, Classification Essay, Essay \\u00c7e\\u015fitleri,   Essay Rehberi, Opinion Essay Examples, Makale Yazd\\u0131rma, Kompozisyon Yazd\\u0131rma, Parayla Makale Yazd\\u0131rma,   Parayla Kompozisyon Yazd\\u0131rma, \\u00dccretli Makale, \\u00dccretli Kompozisyon, Profesyonel Makale Yapt\\u0131rma, Profesyonel Kompozisyon Yapt\\u0131rma,   Makale Projesi Yapt\\u0131r, Makale \\u00d6dev Yard\\u0131m\\u0131 Al, Makale D\\u00fczenleme, Makale Projesi Yapt\\u0131r, Makale Sepeti,   Makale Fiyat Teklifi Al, Makale Dan\\u0131\\u015fmanl\\u0131k, Makale Ar\\u015fivleri, Makale Kategorisi, Makale Yazd\\u0131rmak, Makale Yazd\\u0131rma \\u00dccreti,   Makale Sunum, Makale \\u00c7eviri, Makale Yazd\\u0131rma \\u00dccreti, \\u00dccretli Makale Yazd\\u0131rma, Makale Yazd\\u0131rma Siteleri, Parayla Makale Yazma, Makale Sepeti,  Makale Yazd\\u0131rmak \\u0130stiyorum, \\u00d6dev Dan\\u0131\\u015fmanl\\u0131\\u011f\\u0131, \\u00d6dev Yapt\\u0131rma, Tez Yazd\\u0131rma, Makale YAZDIRMA siteleri, Parayla makale YAZDIRMA, Seo makale fiyatlar\\u0131, Sayfa ba\\u015f\\u0131 yaz\\u0131 yazma \\u00fccreti, \\u0130ngilizce makale yazd\\u0131rma, Akademik makale YAZDIRMA, Makale Fiyatlar\\u0131 2022, Makale yazma, Blog Yazd\\u0131rma, Blog Yazd\\u0131rmak \\u0130stiyorum, Essay yazma Uygulamas\\u0131, Essay Yazma sitesi, \\u0130ngilizce metin yazma sitesi, Writing yazma sitesi, Essay d\\u00fczeltici, Essay Kontrol ettirme, Gramer kontrol, \\u0130ngilizce Gramer d\\u00fczeltme uygulamas\\u0131, \\u0130ngilizce c\\u00fcmle d\\u00fczeltme sitesi, Essay kontrol siteleri, Tez Yapt\\u0131rma, Seo Uyumlu Blog Yapt\\u0131rma 0 (312) 276 75 93\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bestessayhomework.com\\\/tr\\\/\",\"telephone\":\"+905423712952\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bestessayhomework.com\\\/tr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/03\\\/10.webp\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bestessayhomework.com\\\/tr\\\/tesadufi-genellemeler-felsefe-uzerine-arastirmalar-felsefenin-alanlari-nelerdir-felsefe-nasil-incelenir-felsefe-alaninda-odev-yaptirma-odev-yaptirma\\\/#organizationLogo\",\"width\":1280,\"height\":720},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bestessayhomework.com\\\/tr\\\/tesadufi-genellemeler-felsefe-uzerine-arastirmalar-felsefenin-alanlari-nelerdir-felsefe-nasil-incelenir-felsefe-alaninda-odev-yaptirma-odev-yaptirma\\\/#organizationLogo\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bestessayhomework.com\\\/tr\\\/author\\\/tercuman32\\\/#author\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bestessayhomework.com\\\/tr\\\/author\\\/tercuman32\\\/\",\"name\":\"terc\\u00fcman terc\\u00fcman\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bestessayhomework.com\\\/tr\\\/wp-content\\\/litespeed\\\/avatar\\\/86c38c20b2eb3a1c431511229f015304.jpg?ver=1773154028\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bestessayhomework.com\\\/tr\\\/tesadufi-genellemeler-felsefe-uzerine-arastirmalar-felsefenin-alanlari-nelerdir-felsefe-nasil-incelenir-felsefe-alaninda-odev-yaptirma-odev-yaptirma\\\/#webpage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bestessayhomework.com\\\/tr\\\/tesadufi-genellemeler-felsefe-uzerine-arastirmalar-felsefenin-alanlari-nelerdir-felsefe-nasil-incelenir-felsefe-alaninda-odev-yaptirma-odev-yaptirma\\\/\",\"name\":\"Tesad\\u00fcfi Genellemeler \\u2013 Felsefe \\u00dczerine Ara\\u015ft\\u0131rmalar \\u2013 Felsefenin Alanlar\\u0131 Nelerdir? \\u2013 Felsefe Nas\\u0131l \\u0130ncelenir \\u2013 Felsefe Alan\\u0131nda \\u00d6dev Yapt\\u0131rma \\u2013 \\u00d6dev Yapt\\u0131rma Fiyatlar | En \\u0130yi Essay\",\"description\":\"Hempel ve Oppenheim Kesinti Modelinin ba\\u015far\\u0131l\\u0131 bir uygulamas\\u0131 olarak nitelendirilebilmesi i\\u00e7in iki ko\\u015ful yerine getirilmelidir: \\uf731) ko\\u015fullu \\u00f6nc\\u00fcl ger\\u00e7ek bir yasa olmal\\u0131d\\u0131r ve \\uf732) ba\\u015flang\\u0131\\u00e7 \\u200b\\u200bko\\u015fullar\\u0131 ve s\\u0131n\\u0131r ko\\u015fullar\\u0131 hakk\\u0131nda \\uf731 ila \\uf737 aras\\u0131ndaki ifadeler do\\u011fru olmal\\u0131d\\u0131r. Hempel ve Oppenheim, t\\u00fcmdengelimli a\\u00e7\\u0131klama modeline ili\\u015fkin tart\\u0131\\u015fmalar\\u0131 s\\u0131ras\\u0131nda, pek \\u00e7ok ger\\u00e7ek bilimsel a\\u00e7\\u0131klaman\\u0131n t\\u00fcmdengelim modeline uymad\\u0131\\u011f\\u0131n\\u0131 belirtmeye\",\"inLanguage\":\"tr-TR\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bestessayhomework.com\\\/tr\\\/#website\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bestessayhomework.com\\\/tr\\\/tesadufi-genellemeler-felsefe-uzerine-arastirmalar-felsefenin-alanlari-nelerdir-felsefe-nasil-incelenir-felsefe-alaninda-odev-yaptirma-odev-yaptirma\\\/#breadcrumblist\"},\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bestessayhomework.com\\\/tr\\\/author\\\/tercuman32\\\/#author\"},\"creator\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bestessayhomework.com\\\/tr\\\/author\\\/tercuman32\\\/#author\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bestessayhomework.com\\\/tr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/01\\\/diyalektik-felsefe-nedir.jpg\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bestessayhomework.com\\\/tr\\\/tesadufi-genellemeler-felsefe-uzerine-arastirmalar-felsefenin-alanlari-nelerdir-felsefe-nasil-incelenir-felsefe-alaninda-odev-yaptirma-odev-yaptirma\\\/#mainImage\",\"width\":600,\"height\":400,\"caption\":\"Hempel ve Oppenheim Kesinti Modelinin ba\\u015far\\u0131l\\u0131 bir uygulamas\\u0131 olarak nitelendirilebilmesi i\\u00e7in iki ko\\u015ful yerine getirilmelidir: \\uf731) ko\\u015fullu \\u00f6nc\\u00fcl ger\\u00e7ek bir yasa olmal\\u0131d\\u0131r ve \\uf732) ba\\u015flang\\u0131\\u00e7 \\u200b\\u200bko\\u015fullar\\u0131 ve s\\u0131n\\u0131r ko\\u015fullar\\u0131 hakk\\u0131nda \\uf731 ila \\uf737 aras\\u0131ndaki ifadeler do\\u011fru olmal\\u0131d\\u0131r.\\n\\nHempel ve Oppenheim, t\\u00fcmdengelimli a\\u00e7\\u0131klama modeline ili\\u015fkin tart\\u0131\\u015fmalar\\u0131 s\\u0131ras\\u0131nda, pek \\u00e7ok ger\\u00e7ek bilimsel a\\u00e7\\u0131klaman\\u0131n t\\u00fcmdengelim modeline uymad\\u0131\\u011f\\u0131n\\u0131 belirtmeye dikkat ettiler. \\u0130statistiksel yasalara dayanan bir\\u00e7ok a\\u00e7\\u0131klama i\\u00e7in durum budur. Hempel'in sonraki bir denemede verdi\\u011fi bir \\u00f6rnek:\\n\\nStreptococcus enfeksiyonu olan hastalar\\u0131n y\\u00fcksek bir y\\u00fczdesi penisilin verildikten sonraki \\uf732\\uf734 saat i\\u00e7inde iyile\\u015fir.\\nJones bir streptococcus enfeksiyonu ge\\u00e7irdi ve penisilin verildi.\\nJones, penisilin ald\\u0131ktan sonra \\uf732\\uf734 saat i\\u00e7inde streptococcus enfeksiyonundan kurtuldu.\\nBu a\\u00e7\\u0131klay\\u0131c\\u0131 arg\\u00fcman\\u0131n t\\u00fcmdengelim g\\u00fcc\\u00fc yoktur. Aksine, \\u00f6nc\\u00fcller sonuca yaln\\u0131zca g\\u00fc\\u00e7l\\u00fc t\\u00fcmevar\\u0131msal destek sa\\u011flar. *\\nHempel, b\\u00f6ylelikle genel yasalar kapsam\\u0131ndaki kapsam\\u0131n t\\u00fcmdengelimli veya t\\u00fcmevar\\u0131ml\\u0131 olarak ba\\u015far\\u0131labilece\\u011fini kabul etti. Bununla birlikte, kabul edilebilir her bilimsel a\\u00e7\\u0131klaman\\u0131n, genel yasalar alt\\u0131nda bir a\\u00e7\\u0131klaman\\u0131n t\\u00fcmdengelimli veya t\\u00fcmevar\\u0131msal kapsam\\u0131n\\u0131 i\\u00e7erdi\\u011fini tutarl\\u0131 bir \\u015fekilde savundu.\\n\\nTesad\\u00fcfi Genellemeler\\n\\nOrtodoks g\\u00f6r\\u00fc\\u015fe g\\u00f6re, ba\\u015far\\u0131l\\u0131 bir bilimsel a\\u00e7\\u0131klama, a\\u00e7\\u0131klamas\\u0131n\\u0131 genel yasalara dahil eder. Fakat belirli bir durumda \\u00f6nc\\u00fcllerin yasalar\\u0131 i\\u00e7erdi\\u011finden nas\\u0131l emin olabiliriz? A\\u015fa\\u011f\\u0131daki arg\\u00fcman\\u0131 ye\\u015fil alev testi sonucunun bilimsel bir a\\u00e7\\u0131klamas\\u0131 olarak kabul ediyoruz.\\n\\n\\u0130ki arg\\u00fcman ayn\\u0131 bi\\u00e7ime sahiptir. Bununla birlikte, ilk arg\\u00fcman a\\u00e7\\u0131klamas\\u0131n\\u0131 iyi niyetli bir yasa alt\\u0131nda toplarken, ikinci arg\\u00fcman a\\u00e7\\u0131klamas\\u0131n\\u0131 \\\"sadece tesad\\u00fcfi\\\" bir genelleme alt\\u0131nda tamamlar.\\n\\nOrtodoks teorisyenler, Hume\\u2019un bilimsel yasalar konusundaki g\\u00f6r\\u00fc\\u015f\\u00fcn\\u00fc kabul ettiler. \\u00d6rne\\u011fin, R. B. Braithwaite, Hume'un tezinin temel k\\u0131sm\\u0131na kat\\u0131ld\\u0131\\u011f\\u0131m\\u0131 a\\u00e7\\u0131klad\\u0131 - hukukun evrensellerinin nesnel olarak yaln\\u0131zca olgunun evrenselleri oldu\\u011funu ve do\\u011fada gerekli ba\\u011flant\\u0131ya ait fazladan bir unsur olmad\\u0131\\u011f\\u0131n\\u0131 iddia eden k\\u0131s\\u0131m.\\n\\nAncak Braithwaite, Humean hukuk analizinde zorluklar oldu\\u011funu kaydetti. Bir zorluk, Humean analizinin kanun benzeri t\\u00fcmeller ile tesad\\u00fcfi evrenseller aras\\u0131ndaki ayr\\u0131m\\u0131 bulan\\u0131kla\\u015ft\\u0131rmas\\u0131d\\u0131r.\\n\\n\\u0130ki benzer sarka\\u00e7l\\u0131 saatin \\uf739\\uf730 \\u00b0 faz d\\u0131\\u015f\\u0131 olacak \\u015fekilde d\\u00fczenlendi\\u011fini ve b\\u00f6ylece iki saatin tiklerinin sabit s\\u0131ral\\u0131 birle\\u015fimde oldu\\u011funu varsayal\\u0131m. Bilimsel yasalar, s\\u00fcrekli ba\\u011flant\\u0131l\\u0131 ifadelerden ba\\u015fka bir \\u015fey de\\u011filse, o zaman a\\u015fa\\u011f\\u0131daki ifade bir yasa olurdu:\\n\\nT\\u00fcm x'ler i\\u00e7in, e\\u011fer x saatin bir tik tak\\u0131ysa \\uf731, o zaman x bir tik i\\u015faretidir ve ard\\u0131ndan saat 2'nin bir tik i\\u015faretidir.\\n\\u015eimdi iki saatin sarka\\u00e7lar\\u0131n\\u0131n tutukland\\u0131\\u011f\\u0131n\\u0131 varsayal\\u0131m. \\\"Yasa\\\", ger\\u00e7e\\u011fin tam tersi ko\\u015fullu \\\"E\\u011fer saat tick \\u00e7al\\u0131\\u015facak olsayd\\u0131, o zaman bu tik i\\u015faretini bir saat t\\u0131klamas\\u0131 \\uf732\\\" izler miydi? Muhtemelen hay\\u0131r.\\n\\nOlas\\u0131l\\u0131kl\\u0131 ve Olas\\u0131l\\u0131kl\\u0131 olmayan \\u00d6rnekleme t\\u00fcrlerinin benzerlikleri ve farkl\\u0131l\\u0131klar\\u0131\\nOlas\\u0131l\\u0131kl\\u0131 \\u00d6rnekleme Y\\u00f6ntemleri\\nAma\\u00e7l\\u0131 \\u00d6rnekleme\\nBasit rastgele \\u00d6rnekleme\\nKota \\u00d6rnekleme\\n\\u00d6rnekleme Y\\u00f6ntemleri Ders Notlar\\u0131\\n\\u00d6rnekleme \\u00e7er\\u00e7evesi\\nMakalede \\u00f6rneklem nedir\\n\\n\\u00d6te yandan, \\u201cger\\u00e7ek bilimsel kanunlar\\u201d ger\\u00e7e\\u011fe ayk\\u0131r\\u0131 \\u015fart c\\u00fcmlelerini destekler. \\\"Baryumdan etkilenen t\\u00fcm alevler ye\\u015fildir\\\" iddias\\u0131, \\\"e\\u011fer bu alev baryumdan etkilenmi\\u015f bir alev olsayd\\u0131, o zaman ye\\u015fil olurdu.\\n\\nDahas\\u0131, bir tak\\u0131m \\u00f6nemli bilimsel yasalar, var olmayan idealize edilmi\\u015f durumlara at\\u0131fta bulunduklar\\u0131 i\\u00e7in, hi\\u00e7 de s\\u00fcrekli ba\\u011fla\\u00e7larla ilgili g\\u00f6r\\u00fcnmemektedir. \\u0130deal Gaz Yasas\\u0131 bu t\\u00fcrden bir yasad\\u0131r. Molek\\u00fcllerin s\\u0131f\\u0131r uzama ve s\\u0131f\\u0131r molek\\u00fcller aras\\u0131 kuvvet alanlar\\u0131na sahip oldu\\u011fu gazlar olmasa da, b\\u00f6yle bir gaz olsayd\\u0131, bas\\u0131nc\\u0131, hacmi ve s\\u0131cakl\\u0131\\u011f\\u0131 ile ili\\u015fkilendirilirdi.\\n\\n\\u00d6yleyse, hukuka benzer t\\u00fcmeller ile tesad\\u00fcfi evrenseller aras\\u0131nda ilk bak\\u0131\\u015fta bir fark vard\\u0131r. Hukuk benzeri evrenseller, ger\\u00e7e\\u011fe ayk\\u0131r\\u0131 ko\\u015fullan destekler; tesad\\u00fcfi evrenseller bunu yapmaz. Peki bu ba\\u011flamda \\\"destek\\\" ne anlama geliyor?\\n\\nBraithwaite'e g\\u00f6re, bu \\\"destek\\\", hukuk benzeri evrensel ile \\u00fcst d\\u00fczey genellemelerin t\\u00fcmdengelimli ili\\u015fkisinden kaynaklanmaktad\\u0131r. E\\u011fer h, yerle\\u015fik bir t\\u00fcmdengelim sisteminde h'nin kendisi i\\u00e7in do\\u011frudan kan\\u0131t olmayan ampirik kan\\u0131tlarla desteklenen daha y\\u00fcksek seviyeli hipotezlerden bir \\u00e7\\u0131kar\\u0131m olarak ortaya \\u00e7\\u0131karsa, evrensel bir ko\\u015fullu h'nin yasaya benzer oldu\\u011funu \\u00f6ne s\\u00fcrd\\u00fc.\\n\\nBaryum alev rengi genellemesi, atom teorisinin varsay\\u0131mlar\\u0131n\\u0131n t\\u00fcmdengelimli bir sonucudur. Ve bu varsay\\u0131mlar i\\u00e7in kapsaml\\u0131 do\\u011frulay\\u0131c\\u0131 kan\\u0131tlar var (baryumdan etkilenen alevlerin renginin \\u00fcst\\u00fcnde ve \\u00fcst\\u00fcnde). \\u0130ki saat hakk\\u0131ndaki genelleme i\\u00e7in b\\u00f6yle bir t\\u00fcmdengelimli ili\\u015fki bilinmemektedir.\\n\\nErnest Nagel, ayn\\u0131 \\u015fekilde, bilimsel yasalar konusunda Hume'cu bir tavr\\u0131 savundu. Hukuka benzer genellemelerin, \\u201cgereklilik\\u201d ve \\u201colas\\u0131l\\u0131k\\u201d gibi modal kavramlara at\\u0131fta bulunulmaks\\u0131z\\u0131n tesad\\u00fcfi genellemelerden ay\\u0131rt edilebilece\\u011fini ileri s\\u00fcrm\\u00fc\\u015ft\\u00fcr.\\n\\nNagel, kanun benzeri t\\u00fcmellerin d\\u00f6rt \\u00f6zelli\\u011fini s\\u0131ralad\\u0131:\\n\\n1. Bir evrensel, yaln\\u0131zca bo\\u015f bir \\u015fekilde do\\u011fru oldu\\u011fu i\\u00e7in hukuka benzer bir stat\\u00fc kazanmaz. Marsl\\u0131 yoksa, \\\"T\\u00fcm Marsl\\u0131lar ye\\u015fildir\\\" demek do\\u011frudur. Ancak bu \\u015fekilde elde edilen hakikat, bir beyana hukuka benzer bir stat\\u00fc kazand\\u0131rmaz.\\nElbette, bo\\u015f yere do\\u011fru kanunlar var. Ancak yasalar olarak stat\\u00fcleri, bilimsel bir teoride di\\u011fer yasalarla mant\\u0131ksal ili\\u015fkileriyle belirlenir.\\n\\n2. Evrensel gibi bir \\u00f6ng\\u00f6r\\u00fcn\\u00fcn kapsam\\u0131, daha fazla b\\u00fcy\\u00fctme i\\u00e7in kapal\\u0131 de\\u011fildir. Aksine, tesad\\u00fcfi bir evrenselin tahmin kapsam\\u0131n\\u0131n genellikle kapal\\u0131 oldu\\u011fu bilinmektedir. Buradaki bir \\u00f6rnek, \\\"Cebimdeki t\\u00fcm madeni paralar bak\\u0131r i\\u00e7eriyor.\\\"\\n\\n\\n3. Hukuk benzeri evrenseller, \\u00f6nc\\u00fcl ve sonu\\u00e7ta ortaya \\u00e7\\u0131kan ko\\u015fullar\\u0131 sa\\u011flayan bireyleri uzay veya zaman\\u0131n belirli b\\u00f6lgeleri ile s\\u0131n\\u0131rland\\u0131rmaz.\\n\\n4. Hukuk benzeri evrenseller, genellikle, ayn\\u0131 bilimsel t\\u00fcmdengelim sistemindeki di\\u011fer yasalar\\u0131 do\\u011frudan destekleyen kan\\u0131tlardan dolayl\\u0131 destek al\\u0131rlar. \\u00d6rne\\u011fin, L1, L2 ve L3 yasalar\\u0131 yorumlanan bir aksiyom sistemi i\\u00e7inde birlikte t\\u00fcretilebilirse, L2 ve L3'\\u00fc do\\u011frudan destekleyen kan\\u0131t L1 i\\u00e7in dolayl\\u0131 destek sa\\u011flar. \\u00d6rne\\u011fin, Boyle Yasas\\u0131, Charles Yasas\\u0131 ve Graham'\\u0131n Yay\\u0131lma Yasas\\u0131, gazlar\\u0131n kinetik teorisindeki t\\u00fcmdengelimli sonu\\u00e7lar oldu\\u011fundan, Boyle Yasas\\u0131, Charles Yasas\\u0131n\\u0131 veya Graham Yasas\\u0131n\\u0131 do\\u011frulayan kan\\u0131tlarla dolayl\\u0131 olarak do\\u011frulanm\\u0131\\u015ft\\u0131r. Tesad\\u00fcfi evrenseller, aksine, bu t\\u00fcr dolayl\\u0131 deste\\u011fi almazlar.\\n\\nBilimsel Hipotezlerin Do\\u011frulanmas\\u0131\\n\\nHempel, bilimsel bir hipotezin de\\u011ferlendirilmesinde \\u00fc\\u00e7 a\\u015fama oldu\\u011funu \\u00f6ne s\\u00fcrd\\u00fc:\\n\\n1. G\\u00f6zlemlerin veya deneylerin sonu\\u00e7lar\\u0131n\\u0131 belirten g\\u00f6zlem raporlar\\u0131 toplamak;\\n2. Bu g\\u00f6zlem raporlar\\u0131n\\u0131n hipotezi do\\u011frulay\\u0131p onaylamad\\u0131\\u011f\\u0131ndan, onaylamad\\u0131\\u011f\\u0131ndan veya tarafs\\u0131z olup olmad\\u0131\\u011f\\u0131ndan emin olmak; ve\\n3. Bu do\\u011frulay\\u0131c\\u0131 veya do\\u011frulay\\u0131c\\u0131 kan\\u0131t\\u0131n \\u0131\\u015f\\u0131\\u011f\\u0131nda hipotez hakk\\u0131ndaki yarg\\u0131y\\u0131 kabul edip etmeme, reddetme veya ask\\u0131ya alma karar\\u0131 vermek.\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bestessayhomework.com\\\/tr\\\/tesadufi-genellemeler-felsefe-uzerine-arastirmalar-felsefenin-alanlari-nelerdir-felsefe-nasil-incelenir-felsefe-alaninda-odev-yaptirma-odev-yaptirma\\\/#mainImage\"},\"datePublished\":\"2021-01-24T13:25:51+03:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-01-24T13:25:51+03:00\"},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bestessayhomework.com\\\/tr\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bestessayhomework.com\\\/tr\\\/\",\"name\":\"En \\u0130yi Essay\",\"description\":\"bestessayhomework@gmail.com - Bize Mail Kanal\\u0131m\\u0131zdan veya sa\\u011f alt k\\u00f6\\u015fedeki Whatsapp tu\\u015fundan Ula\\u015f\\u0131n - 0 (312) 276 75 93 -Essay Yapt\\u0131rma, Essay Yazd\\u0131rma, Parayla Essay Yazd\\u0131rma, Parayla Essay Yapt\\u0131rma, \\u00dccretli Essay, \\u00dccretli Essay Yapt\\u0131rma, Profesyonel Essay Yapt\\u0131rma,   Essay Projesi Yapt\\u0131r, Essay \\u00d6dev Yard\\u0131m\\u0131 Al, Essay D\\u00fczenleme, Essay Projesi Yapt\\u0131r,   Essay Sepeti, Essay Fiyat Teklifi Al, Essay Dan\\u0131\\u015fmanl\\u0131k, Essay Ar\\u015fivleri, Essay Kategorisi,   Essay Yazd\\u0131rmak, Essay Yazd\\u0131rma \\u00dccreti, Essay Sunum, Essay \\u00c7eviri, Essay Yazd\\u0131rma \\u00dccreti,   \\u00dccretli Essay Yazd\\u0131rma, Essay Yazd\\u0131rma Siteleri, Parayla Essay Yazma, \\u00d6dev Yazd\\u0131rma, Essay Yazd\\u0131rmak \\u0130stiyorum,   Research Paper Yazd\\u0131rmak, Argumentative Essay Topics, Cause Effect Essay \\u00d6rnekleri, Classification Essay, Essay \\u00c7e\\u015fitleri,   Essay Rehberi, Opinion Essay Examples, Makale Yazd\\u0131rma, Kompozisyon Yazd\\u0131rma, Parayla Makale Yazd\\u0131rma,   Parayla Kompozisyon Yazd\\u0131rma, \\u00dccretli Makale, \\u00dccretli Kompozisyon, Profesyonel Makale Yapt\\u0131rma, Profesyonel Kompozisyon Yapt\\u0131rma,   Makale Projesi Yapt\\u0131r, Makale \\u00d6dev Yard\\u0131m\\u0131 Al, Makale D\\u00fczenleme, Makale Projesi Yapt\\u0131r, Makale Sepeti,   Makale Fiyat Teklifi Al, Makale Dan\\u0131\\u015fmanl\\u0131k, Makale Ar\\u015fivleri, Makale Kategorisi, Makale Yazd\\u0131rmak, Makale Yazd\\u0131rma \\u00dccreti,   Makale Sunum, Makale \\u00c7eviri, Makale Yazd\\u0131rma \\u00dccreti, \\u00dccretli Makale Yazd\\u0131rma, Makale Yazd\\u0131rma Siteleri, Parayla Makale Yazma, Makale Sepeti,  Makale Yazd\\u0131rmak \\u0130stiyorum, \\u00d6dev Dan\\u0131\\u015fmanl\\u0131\\u011f\\u0131, \\u00d6dev Yapt\\u0131rma, Tez Yazd\\u0131rma, Makale YAZDIRMA siteleri, Parayla makale YAZDIRMA, Seo makale fiyatlar\\u0131, Sayfa ba\\u015f\\u0131 yaz\\u0131 yazma \\u00fccreti, \\u0130ngilizce makale yazd\\u0131rma, Akademik makale YAZDIRMA, Makale Fiyatlar\\u0131 2022, Makale yazma, Blog Yazd\\u0131rma, Blog Yazd\\u0131rmak \\u0130stiyorum, Essay yazma Uygulamas\\u0131, Essay Yazma sitesi, \\u0130ngilizce metin yazma sitesi, Writing yazma sitesi, Essay d\\u00fczeltici, Essay Kontrol ettirme, Gramer kontrol, \\u0130ngilizce Gramer d\\u00fczeltme uygulamas\\u0131, \\u0130ngilizce c\\u00fcmle d\\u00fczeltme sitesi, Essay kontrol siteleri, Tez Yapt\\u0131rma, Seo Uyumlu Blog Yapt\\u0131rma\",\"inLanguage\":\"tr-TR\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bestessayhomework.com\\\/tr\\\/#organization\"}}]}\n\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO Pro -->\r\n\t\t<title>Tesad\u00fcfi Genellemeler \u2013 Felsefe \u00dczerine Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar \u2013 Felsefenin Alanlar\u0131 Nelerdir? \u2013 Felsefe Nas\u0131l \u0130ncelenir \u2013 Felsefe Alan\u0131nda \u00d6dev Yapt\u0131rma \u2013 \u00d6dev Yapt\u0131rma Fiyatlar | En \u0130yi Essay<\/title>\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"Tesad\u00fcfi Genellemeler \u2013 Felsefe \u00dczerine Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar \u2013 Felsefenin Alanlar\u0131 Nelerdir? \u2013 Felsefe Nas\u0131l \u0130ncelenir \u2013 Felsefe Alan\u0131nda \u00d6dev Yapt\u0131rma \u2013 \u00d6dev Yapt\u0131rma Fiyatlar | En \u0130yi Essay","description":"Hempel ve Oppenheim Kesinti Modelinin ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir uygulamas\u0131 olarak nitelendirilebilmesi i\u00e7in iki ko\u015ful yerine getirilmelidir: \uf731) ko\u015fullu \u00f6nc\u00fcl ger\u00e7ek bir yasa olmal\u0131d\u0131r ve \uf732) ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 \u200b\u200bko\u015fullar\u0131 ve s\u0131n\u0131r ko\u015fullar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda \uf731 ila \uf737 aras\u0131ndaki ifadeler do\u011fru olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Hempel ve Oppenheim, t\u00fcmdengelimli a\u00e7\u0131klama modeline ili\u015fkin tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda, pek \u00e7ok ger\u00e7ek bilimsel a\u00e7\u0131klaman\u0131n t\u00fcmdengelim modeline uymad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmeye","canonical_url":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/tesadufi-genellemeler-felsefe-uzerine-arastirmalar-felsefenin-alanlari-nelerdir-felsefe-nasil-incelenir-felsefe-alaninda-odev-yaptirma-odev-yaptirma\/","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"ama\u00e7l\u0131 \u00f6rnekleme,basit rastgele \u00f6rnekleme,kota \u00f6rnekleme,makalede \u00f6rneklem nedir,olas\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 \u00f6rnekleme y\u00f6ntemleri,olas\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 ve olas\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olmayan \u00f6rnekleme t\u00fcrlerinin benzerlikleri ve farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131,\u00f6rnekleme \u00e7er\u00e7evesi,\u00f6rnekleme y\u00f6ntemleri ders notlar\u0131","webmasterTools":{"google-site-verification":"_Do0m5hW5EZGn6W1I0rvGqv6s_5Fr6nHI8Uj9qTWHMM","miscellaneous":""},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/tesadufi-genellemeler-felsefe-uzerine-arastirmalar-felsefenin-alanlari-nelerdir-felsefe-nasil-incelenir-felsefe-alaninda-odev-yaptirma-odev-yaptirma\/#article","name":"Tesad\u00fcfi Genellemeler \u2013 Felsefe \u00dczerine Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar \u2013 Felsefenin Alanlar\u0131 Nelerdir? \u2013 Felsefe Nas\u0131l \u0130ncelenir \u2013 Felsefe Alan\u0131nda \u00d6dev Yapt\u0131rma \u2013 \u00d6dev Yapt\u0131rma Fiyatlar | En \u0130yi Essay","headline":"Tesad\u00fcfi Genellemeler \u2013 Felsefe \u00dczerine Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar \u2013 Felsefenin Alanlar\u0131 Nelerdir? \u2013 Felsefe Nas\u0131l \u0130ncelenir \u2013 Felsefe Alan\u0131nda \u00d6dev Yapt\u0131rma \u2013 \u00d6dev Yapt\u0131rma Fiyatlar","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/author\/tercuman32\/#author"},"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/#organization"},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/diyalektik-felsefe-nedir.jpg","width":600,"height":400,"caption":"Hempel ve Oppenheim Kesinti Modelinin ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir uygulamas\u0131 olarak nitelendirilebilmesi i\u00e7in iki ko\u015ful yerine getirilmelidir: \uf731) ko\u015fullu \u00f6nc\u00fcl ger\u00e7ek bir yasa olmal\u0131d\u0131r ve \uf732) ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 \u200b\u200bko\u015fullar\u0131 ve s\u0131n\u0131r ko\u015fullar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda \uf731 ila \uf737 aras\u0131ndaki ifadeler do\u011fru olmal\u0131d\u0131r.\n\nHempel ve Oppenheim, t\u00fcmdengelimli a\u00e7\u0131klama modeline ili\u015fkin tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda, pek \u00e7ok ger\u00e7ek bilimsel a\u00e7\u0131klaman\u0131n t\u00fcmdengelim modeline uymad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmeye dikkat ettiler. \u0130statistiksel yasalara dayanan bir\u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131klama i\u00e7in durum budur. Hempel'in sonraki bir denemede verdi\u011fi bir \u00f6rnek:\n\nStreptococcus enfeksiyonu olan hastalar\u0131n y\u00fcksek bir y\u00fczdesi penisilin verildikten sonraki \uf732\uf734 saat i\u00e7inde iyile\u015fir.\nJones bir streptococcus enfeksiyonu ge\u00e7irdi ve penisilin verildi.\nJones, penisilin ald\u0131ktan sonra \uf732\uf734 saat i\u00e7inde streptococcus enfeksiyonundan kurtuldu.\nBu a\u00e7\u0131klay\u0131c\u0131 arg\u00fcman\u0131n t\u00fcmdengelim g\u00fcc\u00fc yoktur. Aksine, \u00f6nc\u00fcller sonuca yaln\u0131zca g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc t\u00fcmevar\u0131msal destek sa\u011flar. *\nHempel, b\u00f6ylelikle genel yasalar kapsam\u0131ndaki kapsam\u0131n t\u00fcmdengelimli veya t\u00fcmevar\u0131ml\u0131 olarak ba\u015far\u0131labilece\u011fini kabul etti. Bununla birlikte, kabul edilebilir her bilimsel a\u00e7\u0131klaman\u0131n, genel yasalar alt\u0131nda bir a\u00e7\u0131klaman\u0131n t\u00fcmdengelimli veya t\u00fcmevar\u0131msal kapsam\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erdi\u011fini tutarl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde savundu.\n\nTesad\u00fcfi Genellemeler\n\nOrtodoks g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6re, ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir bilimsel a\u00e7\u0131klama, a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131n\u0131 genel yasalara dahil eder. Fakat belirli bir durumda \u00f6nc\u00fcllerin yasalar\u0131 i\u00e7erdi\u011finden nas\u0131l emin olabiliriz? A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki arg\u00fcman\u0131 ye\u015fil alev testi sonucunun bilimsel bir a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 olarak kabul ediyoruz.\n\n\u0130ki arg\u00fcman ayn\u0131 bi\u00e7ime sahiptir. Bununla birlikte, ilk arg\u00fcman a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131n\u0131 iyi niyetli bir yasa alt\u0131nda toplarken, ikinci arg\u00fcman a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131n\u0131 \"sadece tesad\u00fcfi\" bir genelleme alt\u0131nda tamamlar.\n\nOrtodoks teorisyenler, Hume\u2019un bilimsel yasalar konusundaki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc kabul ettiler. \u00d6rne\u011fin, R. B. Braithwaite, Hume'un tezinin temel k\u0131sm\u0131na kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131 - hukukun evrensellerinin nesnel olarak yaln\u0131zca olgunun evrenselleri oldu\u011funu ve do\u011fada gerekli ba\u011flant\u0131ya ait fazladan bir unsur olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia eden k\u0131s\u0131m.\n\nAncak Braithwaite, Humean hukuk analizinde zorluklar oldu\u011funu kaydetti. Bir zorluk, Humean analizinin kanun benzeri t\u00fcmeller ile tesad\u00fcfi evrenseller aras\u0131ndaki ayr\u0131m\u0131 bulan\u0131kla\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131d\u0131r.\n\n\u0130ki benzer sarka\u00e7l\u0131 saatin \uf739\uf730 \u00b0 faz d\u0131\u015f\u0131 olacak \u015fekilde d\u00fczenlendi\u011fini ve b\u00f6ylece iki saatin tiklerinin sabit s\u0131ral\u0131 birle\u015fimde oldu\u011funu varsayal\u0131m. Bilimsel yasalar, s\u00fcrekli ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 ifadelerden ba\u015fka bir \u015fey de\u011filse, o zaman a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ifade bir yasa olurdu:\n\nT\u00fcm x'ler i\u00e7in, e\u011fer x saatin bir tik tak\u0131ysa \uf731, o zaman x bir tik i\u015faretidir ve ard\u0131ndan saat 2'nin bir tik i\u015faretidir.\n\u015eimdi iki saatin sarka\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n tutukland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 varsayal\u0131m. \"Yasa\", ger\u00e7e\u011fin tam tersi ko\u015fullu \"E\u011fer saat tick \u00e7al\u0131\u015facak olsayd\u0131, o zaman bu tik i\u015faretini bir saat t\u0131klamas\u0131 \uf732\" izler miydi? Muhtemelen hay\u0131r.\n\nOlas\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 ve Olas\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olmayan \u00d6rnekleme t\u00fcrlerinin benzerlikleri ve farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131\nOlas\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 \u00d6rnekleme Y\u00f6ntemleri\nAma\u00e7l\u0131 \u00d6rnekleme\nBasit rastgele \u00d6rnekleme\nKota \u00d6rnekleme\n\u00d6rnekleme Y\u00f6ntemleri Ders Notlar\u0131\n\u00d6rnekleme \u00e7er\u00e7evesi\nMakalede \u00f6rneklem nedir\n\n\u00d6te yandan, \u201cger\u00e7ek bilimsel kanunlar\u201d ger\u00e7e\u011fe ayk\u0131r\u0131 \u015fart c\u00fcmlelerini destekler. \"Baryumdan etkilenen t\u00fcm alevler ye\u015fildir\" iddias\u0131, \"e\u011fer bu alev baryumdan etkilenmi\u015f bir alev olsayd\u0131, o zaman ye\u015fil olurdu.\n\nDahas\u0131, bir tak\u0131m \u00f6nemli bilimsel yasalar, var olmayan idealize edilmi\u015f durumlara at\u0131fta bulunduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in, hi\u00e7 de s\u00fcrekli ba\u011fla\u00e7larla ilgili g\u00f6r\u00fcnmemektedir. \u0130deal Gaz Yasas\u0131 bu t\u00fcrden bir yasad\u0131r. Molek\u00fcllerin s\u0131f\u0131r uzama ve s\u0131f\u0131r molek\u00fcller aras\u0131 kuvvet alanlar\u0131na sahip oldu\u011fu gazlar olmasa da, b\u00f6yle bir gaz olsayd\u0131, bas\u0131nc\u0131, hacmi ve s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile ili\u015fkilendirilirdi.\n\n\u00d6yleyse, hukuka benzer t\u00fcmeller ile tesad\u00fcfi evrenseller aras\u0131nda ilk bak\u0131\u015fta bir fark vard\u0131r. Hukuk benzeri evrenseller, ger\u00e7e\u011fe ayk\u0131r\u0131 ko\u015fullan destekler; tesad\u00fcfi evrenseller bunu yapmaz. Peki bu ba\u011flamda \"destek\" ne anlama geliyor?\n\nBraithwaite'e g\u00f6re, bu \"destek\", hukuk benzeri evrensel ile \u00fcst d\u00fczey genellemelerin t\u00fcmdengelimli ili\u015fkisinden kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r. E\u011fer h, yerle\u015fik bir t\u00fcmdengelim sisteminde h'nin kendisi i\u00e7in do\u011frudan kan\u0131t olmayan ampirik kan\u0131tlarla desteklenen daha y\u00fcksek seviyeli hipotezlerden bir \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131m olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131karsa, evrensel bir ko\u015fullu h'nin yasaya benzer oldu\u011funu \u00f6ne s\u00fcrd\u00fc.\n\nBaryum alev rengi genellemesi, atom teorisinin varsay\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcmdengelimli bir sonucudur. Ve bu varsay\u0131mlar i\u00e7in kapsaml\u0131 do\u011frulay\u0131c\u0131 kan\u0131tlar var (baryumdan etkilenen alevlerin renginin \u00fcst\u00fcnde ve \u00fcst\u00fcnde). \u0130ki saat hakk\u0131ndaki genelleme i\u00e7in b\u00f6yle bir t\u00fcmdengelimli ili\u015fki bilinmemektedir.\n\nErnest Nagel, ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde, bilimsel yasalar konusunda Hume'cu bir tavr\u0131 savundu. Hukuka benzer genellemelerin, \u201cgereklilik\u201d ve \u201colas\u0131l\u0131k\u201d gibi modal kavramlara at\u0131fta bulunulmaks\u0131z\u0131n tesad\u00fcfi genellemelerden ay\u0131rt edilebilece\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.\n\nNagel, kanun benzeri t\u00fcmellerin d\u00f6rt \u00f6zelli\u011fini s\u0131ralad\u0131:\n\n1. Bir evrensel, yaln\u0131zca bo\u015f bir \u015fekilde do\u011fru oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in hukuka benzer bir stat\u00fc kazanmaz. Marsl\u0131 yoksa, \"T\u00fcm Marsl\u0131lar ye\u015fildir\" demek do\u011frudur. Ancak bu \u015fekilde elde edilen hakikat, bir beyana hukuka benzer bir stat\u00fc kazand\u0131rmaz.\nElbette, bo\u015f yere do\u011fru kanunlar var. Ancak yasalar olarak stat\u00fcleri, bilimsel bir teoride di\u011fer yasalarla mant\u0131ksal ili\u015fkileriyle belirlenir.\n\n2. Evrensel gibi bir \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn kapsam\u0131, daha fazla b\u00fcy\u00fctme i\u00e7in kapal\u0131 de\u011fildir. Aksine, tesad\u00fcfi bir evrenselin tahmin kapsam\u0131n\u0131n genellikle kapal\u0131 oldu\u011fu bilinmektedir. Buradaki bir \u00f6rnek, \"Cebimdeki t\u00fcm madeni paralar bak\u0131r i\u00e7eriyor.\"\n\n\n3. Hukuk benzeri evrenseller, \u00f6nc\u00fcl ve sonu\u00e7ta ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ko\u015fullar\u0131 sa\u011flayan bireyleri uzay veya zaman\u0131n belirli b\u00f6lgeleri ile s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rmaz.\n\n4. Hukuk benzeri evrenseller, genellikle, ayn\u0131 bilimsel t\u00fcmdengelim sistemindeki di\u011fer yasalar\u0131 do\u011frudan destekleyen kan\u0131tlardan dolayl\u0131 destek al\u0131rlar. \u00d6rne\u011fin, L1, L2 ve L3 yasalar\u0131 yorumlanan bir aksiyom sistemi i\u00e7inde birlikte t\u00fcretilebilirse, L2 ve L3'\u00fc do\u011frudan destekleyen kan\u0131t L1 i\u00e7in dolayl\u0131 destek sa\u011flar. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Boyle Yasas\u0131, Charles Yasas\u0131 ve Graham'\u0131n Yay\u0131lma Yasas\u0131, gazlar\u0131n kinetik teorisindeki t\u00fcmdengelimli sonu\u00e7lar oldu\u011fundan, Boyle Yasas\u0131, Charles Yasas\u0131n\u0131 veya Graham Yasas\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frulayan kan\u0131tlarla dolayl\u0131 olarak do\u011frulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tesad\u00fcfi evrenseller, aksine, bu t\u00fcr dolayl\u0131 deste\u011fi almazlar.\n\nBilimsel Hipotezlerin Do\u011frulanmas\u0131\n\nHempel, bilimsel bir hipotezin de\u011ferlendirilmesinde \u00fc\u00e7 a\u015fama oldu\u011funu \u00f6ne s\u00fcrd\u00fc:\n\n1. G\u00f6zlemlerin veya deneylerin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 belirten g\u00f6zlem raporlar\u0131 toplamak;\n2. Bu g\u00f6zlem raporlar\u0131n\u0131n hipotezi do\u011frulay\u0131p onaylamad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, onaylamad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan veya tarafs\u0131z olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olmak; ve\n3. Bu do\u011frulay\u0131c\u0131 veya do\u011frulay\u0131c\u0131 kan\u0131t\u0131n \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda hipotez hakk\u0131ndaki yarg\u0131y\u0131 kabul edip etmeme, reddetme veya ask\u0131ya alma karar\u0131 vermek."},"datePublished":"2021-01-24T13:25:51+03:00","dateModified":"2021-01-24T13:25:51+03:00","inLanguage":"tr-TR","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/tesadufi-genellemeler-felsefe-uzerine-arastirmalar-felsefenin-alanlari-nelerdir-felsefe-nasil-incelenir-felsefe-alaninda-odev-yaptirma-odev-yaptirma\/#webpage"},"isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/tesadufi-genellemeler-felsefe-uzerine-arastirmalar-felsefenin-alanlari-nelerdir-felsefe-nasil-incelenir-felsefe-alaninda-odev-yaptirma-odev-yaptirma\/#webpage"},"articleSection":"Ama\u00e7l\u0131 \u00d6rnekleme, Basit rastgele \u00d6rnekleme, Olas\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 \u00d6rnekleme Y\u00f6ntemleri, Olas\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 ve Olas\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olmayan \u00d6rnekleme t\u00fcrlerinin benzerlikleri ve farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131, \u00d6rnekleme Y\u00f6ntemleri Ders Notlar\u0131, Ama\u00e7l\u0131 \u00d6rnekleme, Basit rastgele \u00d6rnekleme, Kota \u00d6rnekleme, Makalede \u00f6rneklem nedir, Olas\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 \u00d6rnekleme Y\u00f6ntemleri, Olas\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 ve Olas\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olmayan \u00d6rnekleme t\u00fcrlerinin benzerlikleri ve farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131, \u00d6rnekleme \u00e7er\u00e7evesi, \u00d6rnekleme Y\u00f6ntemleri Ders Notlar\u0131"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/tesadufi-genellemeler-felsefe-uzerine-arastirmalar-felsefenin-alanlari-nelerdir-felsefe-nasil-incelenir-felsefe-alaninda-odev-yaptirma-odev-yaptirma\/#breadcrumblist","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr#listItem","position":1,"name":"Ev","item":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr","nextItem":{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/category\/olasilikli-ve-olasilikli-olmayan-ornekleme-turlerinin-benzerlikleri-ve-farkliliklari\/#listItem","name":"Olas\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 ve Olas\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olmayan \u00d6rnekleme t\u00fcrlerinin benzerlikleri ve farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131"}},{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/category\/olasilikli-ve-olasilikli-olmayan-ornekleme-turlerinin-benzerlikleri-ve-farkliliklari\/#listItem","position":2,"name":"Olas\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 ve Olas\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olmayan \u00d6rnekleme t\u00fcrlerinin benzerlikleri ve farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131","item":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/category\/olasilikli-ve-olasilikli-olmayan-ornekleme-turlerinin-benzerlikleri-ve-farkliliklari\/","nextItem":{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/tesadufi-genellemeler-felsefe-uzerine-arastirmalar-felsefenin-alanlari-nelerdir-felsefe-nasil-incelenir-felsefe-alaninda-odev-yaptirma-odev-yaptirma\/#listItem","name":"Tesad\u00fcfi Genellemeler \u2013 Felsefe \u00dczerine Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar \u2013 Felsefenin Alanlar\u0131 Nelerdir? \u2013 Felsefe Nas\u0131l \u0130ncelenir \u2013 Felsefe Alan\u0131nda \u00d6dev Yapt\u0131rma \u2013 \u00d6dev Yapt\u0131rma Fiyatlar"},"previousItem":{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr#listItem","name":"Ev"}},{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/tesadufi-genellemeler-felsefe-uzerine-arastirmalar-felsefenin-alanlari-nelerdir-felsefe-nasil-incelenir-felsefe-alaninda-odev-yaptirma-odev-yaptirma\/#listItem","position":3,"name":"Tesad\u00fcfi Genellemeler \u2013 Felsefe \u00dczerine Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar \u2013 Felsefenin Alanlar\u0131 Nelerdir? \u2013 Felsefe Nas\u0131l \u0130ncelenir \u2013 Felsefe Alan\u0131nda \u00d6dev Yapt\u0131rma \u2013 \u00d6dev Yapt\u0131rma Fiyatlar","previousItem":{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/category\/olasilikli-ve-olasilikli-olmayan-ornekleme-turlerinin-benzerlikleri-ve-farkliliklari\/#listItem","name":"Olas\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 ve Olas\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olmayan \u00d6rnekleme t\u00fcrlerinin benzerlikleri ve farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131"}}]},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/#organization","name":"Essay Yapt\u0131rma","description":"bestessayhomework@gmail.com - Bize Mail Kanal\u0131m\u0131zdan veya sa\u011f alt k\u00f6\u015fedeki Whatsapp tu\u015fundan Ula\u015f\u0131n - 0 (312) 276 75 93 -Essay Yapt\u0131rma, Essay Yazd\u0131rma, Parayla Essay Yazd\u0131rma, Parayla Essay Yapt\u0131rma, \u00dccretli Essay, \u00dccretli Essay Yapt\u0131rma, Profesyonel Essay Yapt\u0131rma,   Essay Projesi Yapt\u0131r, Essay \u00d6dev Yard\u0131m\u0131 Al, Essay D\u00fczenleme, Essay Projesi Yapt\u0131r,   Essay Sepeti, Essay Fiyat Teklifi Al, Essay Dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k, Essay Ar\u015fivleri, Essay Kategorisi,   Essay Yazd\u0131rmak, Essay Yazd\u0131rma \u00dccreti, Essay Sunum, Essay \u00c7eviri, Essay Yazd\u0131rma \u00dccreti,   \u00dccretli Essay Yazd\u0131rma, Essay Yazd\u0131rma Siteleri, Parayla Essay Yazma, \u00d6dev Yazd\u0131rma, Essay Yazd\u0131rmak \u0130stiyorum,   Research Paper Yazd\u0131rmak, Argumentative Essay Topics, Cause Effect Essay \u00d6rnekleri, Classification Essay, Essay \u00c7e\u015fitleri,   Essay Rehberi, Opinion Essay Examples, Makale Yazd\u0131rma, Kompozisyon Yazd\u0131rma, Parayla Makale Yazd\u0131rma,   Parayla Kompozisyon Yazd\u0131rma, \u00dccretli Makale, \u00dccretli Kompozisyon, Profesyonel Makale Yapt\u0131rma, Profesyonel Kompozisyon Yapt\u0131rma,   Makale Projesi Yapt\u0131r, Makale \u00d6dev Yard\u0131m\u0131 Al, Makale D\u00fczenleme, Makale Projesi Yapt\u0131r, Makale Sepeti,   Makale Fiyat Teklifi Al, Makale Dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k, Makale Ar\u015fivleri, Makale Kategorisi, Makale Yazd\u0131rmak, Makale Yazd\u0131rma \u00dccreti,   Makale Sunum, Makale \u00c7eviri, Makale Yazd\u0131rma \u00dccreti, \u00dccretli Makale Yazd\u0131rma, Makale Yazd\u0131rma Siteleri, Parayla Makale Yazma, Makale Sepeti,  Makale Yazd\u0131rmak \u0130stiyorum, \u00d6dev Dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00d6dev Yapt\u0131rma, Tez Yazd\u0131rma, Makale YAZDIRMA siteleri, Parayla makale YAZDIRMA, Seo makale fiyatlar\u0131, Sayfa ba\u015f\u0131 yaz\u0131 yazma \u00fccreti, \u0130ngilizce makale yazd\u0131rma, Akademik makale YAZDIRMA, Makale Fiyatlar\u0131 2022, Makale yazma, Blog Yazd\u0131rma, Blog Yazd\u0131rmak \u0130stiyorum, Essay yazma Uygulamas\u0131, Essay Yazma sitesi, \u0130ngilizce metin yazma sitesi, Writing yazma sitesi, Essay d\u00fczeltici, Essay Kontrol ettirme, Gramer kontrol, \u0130ngilizce Gramer d\u00fczeltme uygulamas\u0131, \u0130ngilizce c\u00fcmle d\u00fczeltme sitesi, Essay kontrol siteleri, Tez Yapt\u0131rma, Seo Uyumlu Blog Yapt\u0131rma 0 (312) 276 75 93","url":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/","telephone":"+905423712952","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/10.webp","@id":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/tesadufi-genellemeler-felsefe-uzerine-arastirmalar-felsefenin-alanlari-nelerdir-felsefe-nasil-incelenir-felsefe-alaninda-odev-yaptirma-odev-yaptirma\/#organizationLogo","width":1280,"height":720},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/tesadufi-genellemeler-felsefe-uzerine-arastirmalar-felsefenin-alanlari-nelerdir-felsefe-nasil-incelenir-felsefe-alaninda-odev-yaptirma-odev-yaptirma\/#organizationLogo"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/author\/tercuman32\/#author","url":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/author\/tercuman32\/","name":"terc\u00fcman terc\u00fcman","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/wp-content\/litespeed\/avatar\/86c38c20b2eb3a1c431511229f015304.jpg?ver=1773154028"}},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/tesadufi-genellemeler-felsefe-uzerine-arastirmalar-felsefenin-alanlari-nelerdir-felsefe-nasil-incelenir-felsefe-alaninda-odev-yaptirma-odev-yaptirma\/#webpage","url":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/tesadufi-genellemeler-felsefe-uzerine-arastirmalar-felsefenin-alanlari-nelerdir-felsefe-nasil-incelenir-felsefe-alaninda-odev-yaptirma-odev-yaptirma\/","name":"Tesad\u00fcfi Genellemeler \u2013 Felsefe \u00dczerine Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar \u2013 Felsefenin Alanlar\u0131 Nelerdir? \u2013 Felsefe Nas\u0131l \u0130ncelenir \u2013 Felsefe Alan\u0131nda \u00d6dev Yapt\u0131rma \u2013 \u00d6dev Yapt\u0131rma Fiyatlar | En \u0130yi Essay","description":"Hempel ve Oppenheim Kesinti Modelinin ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir uygulamas\u0131 olarak nitelendirilebilmesi i\u00e7in iki ko\u015ful yerine getirilmelidir: \uf731) ko\u015fullu \u00f6nc\u00fcl ger\u00e7ek bir yasa olmal\u0131d\u0131r ve \uf732) ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 \u200b\u200bko\u015fullar\u0131 ve s\u0131n\u0131r ko\u015fullar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda \uf731 ila \uf737 aras\u0131ndaki ifadeler do\u011fru olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Hempel ve Oppenheim, t\u00fcmdengelimli a\u00e7\u0131klama modeline ili\u015fkin tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda, pek \u00e7ok ger\u00e7ek bilimsel a\u00e7\u0131klaman\u0131n t\u00fcmdengelim modeline uymad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmeye","inLanguage":"tr-TR","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/#website"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/tesadufi-genellemeler-felsefe-uzerine-arastirmalar-felsefenin-alanlari-nelerdir-felsefe-nasil-incelenir-felsefe-alaninda-odev-yaptirma-odev-yaptirma\/#breadcrumblist"},"author":{"@id":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/author\/tercuman32\/#author"},"creator":{"@id":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/author\/tercuman32\/#author"},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/diyalektik-felsefe-nedir.jpg","@id":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/tesadufi-genellemeler-felsefe-uzerine-arastirmalar-felsefenin-alanlari-nelerdir-felsefe-nasil-incelenir-felsefe-alaninda-odev-yaptirma-odev-yaptirma\/#mainImage","width":600,"height":400,"caption":"Hempel ve Oppenheim Kesinti Modelinin ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir uygulamas\u0131 olarak nitelendirilebilmesi i\u00e7in iki ko\u015ful yerine getirilmelidir: \uf731) ko\u015fullu \u00f6nc\u00fcl ger\u00e7ek bir yasa olmal\u0131d\u0131r ve \uf732) ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 \u200b\u200bko\u015fullar\u0131 ve s\u0131n\u0131r ko\u015fullar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda \uf731 ila \uf737 aras\u0131ndaki ifadeler do\u011fru olmal\u0131d\u0131r.\n\nHempel ve Oppenheim, t\u00fcmdengelimli a\u00e7\u0131klama modeline ili\u015fkin tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda, pek \u00e7ok ger\u00e7ek bilimsel a\u00e7\u0131klaman\u0131n t\u00fcmdengelim modeline uymad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmeye dikkat ettiler. \u0130statistiksel yasalara dayanan bir\u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131klama i\u00e7in durum budur. Hempel'in sonraki bir denemede verdi\u011fi bir \u00f6rnek:\n\nStreptococcus enfeksiyonu olan hastalar\u0131n y\u00fcksek bir y\u00fczdesi penisilin verildikten sonraki \uf732\uf734 saat i\u00e7inde iyile\u015fir.\nJones bir streptococcus enfeksiyonu ge\u00e7irdi ve penisilin verildi.\nJones, penisilin ald\u0131ktan sonra \uf732\uf734 saat i\u00e7inde streptococcus enfeksiyonundan kurtuldu.\nBu a\u00e7\u0131klay\u0131c\u0131 arg\u00fcman\u0131n t\u00fcmdengelim g\u00fcc\u00fc yoktur. Aksine, \u00f6nc\u00fcller sonuca yaln\u0131zca g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc t\u00fcmevar\u0131msal destek sa\u011flar. *\nHempel, b\u00f6ylelikle genel yasalar kapsam\u0131ndaki kapsam\u0131n t\u00fcmdengelimli veya t\u00fcmevar\u0131ml\u0131 olarak ba\u015far\u0131labilece\u011fini kabul etti. Bununla birlikte, kabul edilebilir her bilimsel a\u00e7\u0131klaman\u0131n, genel yasalar alt\u0131nda bir a\u00e7\u0131klaman\u0131n t\u00fcmdengelimli veya t\u00fcmevar\u0131msal kapsam\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erdi\u011fini tutarl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde savundu.\n\nTesad\u00fcfi Genellemeler\n\nOrtodoks g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6re, ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir bilimsel a\u00e7\u0131klama, a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131n\u0131 genel yasalara dahil eder. Fakat belirli bir durumda \u00f6nc\u00fcllerin yasalar\u0131 i\u00e7erdi\u011finden nas\u0131l emin olabiliriz? A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki arg\u00fcman\u0131 ye\u015fil alev testi sonucunun bilimsel bir a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 olarak kabul ediyoruz.\n\n\u0130ki arg\u00fcman ayn\u0131 bi\u00e7ime sahiptir. Bununla birlikte, ilk arg\u00fcman a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131n\u0131 iyi niyetli bir yasa alt\u0131nda toplarken, ikinci arg\u00fcman a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131n\u0131 \"sadece tesad\u00fcfi\" bir genelleme alt\u0131nda tamamlar.\n\nOrtodoks teorisyenler, Hume\u2019un bilimsel yasalar konusundaki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc kabul ettiler. \u00d6rne\u011fin, R. B. Braithwaite, Hume'un tezinin temel k\u0131sm\u0131na kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131 - hukukun evrensellerinin nesnel olarak yaln\u0131zca olgunun evrenselleri oldu\u011funu ve do\u011fada gerekli ba\u011flant\u0131ya ait fazladan bir unsur olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia eden k\u0131s\u0131m.\n\nAncak Braithwaite, Humean hukuk analizinde zorluklar oldu\u011funu kaydetti. Bir zorluk, Humean analizinin kanun benzeri t\u00fcmeller ile tesad\u00fcfi evrenseller aras\u0131ndaki ayr\u0131m\u0131 bulan\u0131kla\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131d\u0131r.\n\n\u0130ki benzer sarka\u00e7l\u0131 saatin \uf739\uf730 \u00b0 faz d\u0131\u015f\u0131 olacak \u015fekilde d\u00fczenlendi\u011fini ve b\u00f6ylece iki saatin tiklerinin sabit s\u0131ral\u0131 birle\u015fimde oldu\u011funu varsayal\u0131m. Bilimsel yasalar, s\u00fcrekli ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 ifadelerden ba\u015fka bir \u015fey de\u011filse, o zaman a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ifade bir yasa olurdu:\n\nT\u00fcm x'ler i\u00e7in, e\u011fer x saatin bir tik tak\u0131ysa \uf731, o zaman x bir tik i\u015faretidir ve ard\u0131ndan saat 2'nin bir tik i\u015faretidir.\n\u015eimdi iki saatin sarka\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n tutukland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 varsayal\u0131m. \"Yasa\", ger\u00e7e\u011fin tam tersi ko\u015fullu \"E\u011fer saat tick \u00e7al\u0131\u015facak olsayd\u0131, o zaman bu tik i\u015faretini bir saat t\u0131klamas\u0131 \uf732\" izler miydi? Muhtemelen hay\u0131r.\n\nOlas\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 ve Olas\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olmayan \u00d6rnekleme t\u00fcrlerinin benzerlikleri ve farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131\nOlas\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 \u00d6rnekleme Y\u00f6ntemleri\nAma\u00e7l\u0131 \u00d6rnekleme\nBasit rastgele \u00d6rnekleme\nKota \u00d6rnekleme\n\u00d6rnekleme Y\u00f6ntemleri Ders Notlar\u0131\n\u00d6rnekleme \u00e7er\u00e7evesi\nMakalede \u00f6rneklem nedir\n\n\u00d6te yandan, \u201cger\u00e7ek bilimsel kanunlar\u201d ger\u00e7e\u011fe ayk\u0131r\u0131 \u015fart c\u00fcmlelerini destekler. \"Baryumdan etkilenen t\u00fcm alevler ye\u015fildir\" iddias\u0131, \"e\u011fer bu alev baryumdan etkilenmi\u015f bir alev olsayd\u0131, o zaman ye\u015fil olurdu.\n\nDahas\u0131, bir tak\u0131m \u00f6nemli bilimsel yasalar, var olmayan idealize edilmi\u015f durumlara at\u0131fta bulunduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in, hi\u00e7 de s\u00fcrekli ba\u011fla\u00e7larla ilgili g\u00f6r\u00fcnmemektedir. \u0130deal Gaz Yasas\u0131 bu t\u00fcrden bir yasad\u0131r. Molek\u00fcllerin s\u0131f\u0131r uzama ve s\u0131f\u0131r molek\u00fcller aras\u0131 kuvvet alanlar\u0131na sahip oldu\u011fu gazlar olmasa da, b\u00f6yle bir gaz olsayd\u0131, bas\u0131nc\u0131, hacmi ve s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile ili\u015fkilendirilirdi.\n\n\u00d6yleyse, hukuka benzer t\u00fcmeller ile tesad\u00fcfi evrenseller aras\u0131nda ilk bak\u0131\u015fta bir fark vard\u0131r. Hukuk benzeri evrenseller, ger\u00e7e\u011fe ayk\u0131r\u0131 ko\u015fullan destekler; tesad\u00fcfi evrenseller bunu yapmaz. Peki bu ba\u011flamda \"destek\" ne anlama geliyor?\n\nBraithwaite'e g\u00f6re, bu \"destek\", hukuk benzeri evrensel ile \u00fcst d\u00fczey genellemelerin t\u00fcmdengelimli ili\u015fkisinden kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r. E\u011fer h, yerle\u015fik bir t\u00fcmdengelim sisteminde h'nin kendisi i\u00e7in do\u011frudan kan\u0131t olmayan ampirik kan\u0131tlarla desteklenen daha y\u00fcksek seviyeli hipotezlerden bir \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131m olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131karsa, evrensel bir ko\u015fullu h'nin yasaya benzer oldu\u011funu \u00f6ne s\u00fcrd\u00fc.\n\nBaryum alev rengi genellemesi, atom teorisinin varsay\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcmdengelimli bir sonucudur. Ve bu varsay\u0131mlar i\u00e7in kapsaml\u0131 do\u011frulay\u0131c\u0131 kan\u0131tlar var (baryumdan etkilenen alevlerin renginin \u00fcst\u00fcnde ve \u00fcst\u00fcnde). \u0130ki saat hakk\u0131ndaki genelleme i\u00e7in b\u00f6yle bir t\u00fcmdengelimli ili\u015fki bilinmemektedir.\n\nErnest Nagel, ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde, bilimsel yasalar konusunda Hume'cu bir tavr\u0131 savundu. Hukuka benzer genellemelerin, \u201cgereklilik\u201d ve \u201colas\u0131l\u0131k\u201d gibi modal kavramlara at\u0131fta bulunulmaks\u0131z\u0131n tesad\u00fcfi genellemelerden ay\u0131rt edilebilece\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.\n\nNagel, kanun benzeri t\u00fcmellerin d\u00f6rt \u00f6zelli\u011fini s\u0131ralad\u0131:\n\n1. Bir evrensel, yaln\u0131zca bo\u015f bir \u015fekilde do\u011fru oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in hukuka benzer bir stat\u00fc kazanmaz. Marsl\u0131 yoksa, \"T\u00fcm Marsl\u0131lar ye\u015fildir\" demek do\u011frudur. Ancak bu \u015fekilde elde edilen hakikat, bir beyana hukuka benzer bir stat\u00fc kazand\u0131rmaz.\nElbette, bo\u015f yere do\u011fru kanunlar var. Ancak yasalar olarak stat\u00fcleri, bilimsel bir teoride di\u011fer yasalarla mant\u0131ksal ili\u015fkileriyle belirlenir.\n\n2. Evrensel gibi bir \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn kapsam\u0131, daha fazla b\u00fcy\u00fctme i\u00e7in kapal\u0131 de\u011fildir. Aksine, tesad\u00fcfi bir evrenselin tahmin kapsam\u0131n\u0131n genellikle kapal\u0131 oldu\u011fu bilinmektedir. Buradaki bir \u00f6rnek, \"Cebimdeki t\u00fcm madeni paralar bak\u0131r i\u00e7eriyor.\"\n\n\n3. Hukuk benzeri evrenseller, \u00f6nc\u00fcl ve sonu\u00e7ta ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ko\u015fullar\u0131 sa\u011flayan bireyleri uzay veya zaman\u0131n belirli b\u00f6lgeleri ile s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rmaz.\n\n4. Hukuk benzeri evrenseller, genellikle, ayn\u0131 bilimsel t\u00fcmdengelim sistemindeki di\u011fer yasalar\u0131 do\u011frudan destekleyen kan\u0131tlardan dolayl\u0131 destek al\u0131rlar. \u00d6rne\u011fin, L1, L2 ve L3 yasalar\u0131 yorumlanan bir aksiyom sistemi i\u00e7inde birlikte t\u00fcretilebilirse, L2 ve L3'\u00fc do\u011frudan destekleyen kan\u0131t L1 i\u00e7in dolayl\u0131 destek sa\u011flar. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Boyle Yasas\u0131, Charles Yasas\u0131 ve Graham'\u0131n Yay\u0131lma Yasas\u0131, gazlar\u0131n kinetik teorisindeki t\u00fcmdengelimli sonu\u00e7lar oldu\u011fundan, Boyle Yasas\u0131, Charles Yasas\u0131n\u0131 veya Graham Yasas\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frulayan kan\u0131tlarla dolayl\u0131 olarak do\u011frulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tesad\u00fcfi evrenseller, aksine, bu t\u00fcr dolayl\u0131 deste\u011fi almazlar.\n\nBilimsel Hipotezlerin Do\u011frulanmas\u0131\n\nHempel, bilimsel bir hipotezin de\u011ferlendirilmesinde \u00fc\u00e7 a\u015fama oldu\u011funu \u00f6ne s\u00fcrd\u00fc:\n\n1. G\u00f6zlemlerin veya deneylerin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 belirten g\u00f6zlem raporlar\u0131 toplamak;\n2. Bu g\u00f6zlem raporlar\u0131n\u0131n hipotezi do\u011frulay\u0131p onaylamad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, onaylamad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan veya tarafs\u0131z olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olmak; ve\n3. Bu do\u011frulay\u0131c\u0131 veya do\u011frulay\u0131c\u0131 kan\u0131t\u0131n \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda hipotez hakk\u0131ndaki yarg\u0131y\u0131 kabul edip etmeme, reddetme veya ask\u0131ya alma karar\u0131 vermek."},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/tesadufi-genellemeler-felsefe-uzerine-arastirmalar-felsefenin-alanlari-nelerdir-felsefe-nasil-incelenir-felsefe-alaninda-odev-yaptirma-odev-yaptirma\/#mainImage"},"datePublished":"2021-01-24T13:25:51+03:00","dateModified":"2021-01-24T13:25:51+03:00"},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/#website","url":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/","name":"En \u0130yi Essay","description":"bestessayhomework@gmail.com - Bize Mail Kanal\u0131m\u0131zdan veya sa\u011f alt k\u00f6\u015fedeki Whatsapp tu\u015fundan Ula\u015f\u0131n - 0 (312) 276 75 93 -Essay Yapt\u0131rma, Essay Yazd\u0131rma, Parayla Essay Yazd\u0131rma, Parayla Essay Yapt\u0131rma, \u00dccretli Essay, \u00dccretli Essay Yapt\u0131rma, Profesyonel Essay Yapt\u0131rma,   Essay Projesi Yapt\u0131r, Essay \u00d6dev Yard\u0131m\u0131 Al, Essay D\u00fczenleme, Essay Projesi Yapt\u0131r,   Essay Sepeti, Essay Fiyat Teklifi Al, Essay Dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k, Essay Ar\u015fivleri, Essay Kategorisi,   Essay Yazd\u0131rmak, Essay Yazd\u0131rma \u00dccreti, Essay Sunum, Essay \u00c7eviri, Essay Yazd\u0131rma \u00dccreti,   \u00dccretli Essay Yazd\u0131rma, Essay Yazd\u0131rma Siteleri, Parayla Essay Yazma, \u00d6dev Yazd\u0131rma, Essay Yazd\u0131rmak \u0130stiyorum,   Research Paper Yazd\u0131rmak, Argumentative Essay Topics, Cause Effect Essay \u00d6rnekleri, Classification Essay, Essay \u00c7e\u015fitleri,   Essay Rehberi, Opinion Essay Examples, Makale Yazd\u0131rma, Kompozisyon Yazd\u0131rma, Parayla Makale Yazd\u0131rma,   Parayla Kompozisyon Yazd\u0131rma, \u00dccretli Makale, \u00dccretli Kompozisyon, Profesyonel Makale Yapt\u0131rma, Profesyonel Kompozisyon Yapt\u0131rma,   Makale Projesi Yapt\u0131r, Makale \u00d6dev Yard\u0131m\u0131 Al, Makale D\u00fczenleme, Makale Projesi Yapt\u0131r, Makale Sepeti,   Makale Fiyat Teklifi Al, Makale Dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k, Makale Ar\u015fivleri, Makale Kategorisi, Makale Yazd\u0131rmak, Makale Yazd\u0131rma \u00dccreti,   Makale Sunum, Makale \u00c7eviri, Makale Yazd\u0131rma \u00dccreti, \u00dccretli Makale Yazd\u0131rma, Makale Yazd\u0131rma Siteleri, Parayla Makale Yazma, Makale Sepeti,  Makale Yazd\u0131rmak \u0130stiyorum, \u00d6dev Dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00d6dev Yapt\u0131rma, Tez Yazd\u0131rma, Makale YAZDIRMA siteleri, Parayla makale YAZDIRMA, Seo makale fiyatlar\u0131, Sayfa ba\u015f\u0131 yaz\u0131 yazma \u00fccreti, \u0130ngilizce makale yazd\u0131rma, Akademik makale YAZDIRMA, Makale Fiyatlar\u0131 2022, Makale yazma, Blog Yazd\u0131rma, Blog Yazd\u0131rmak \u0130stiyorum, Essay yazma Uygulamas\u0131, Essay Yazma sitesi, \u0130ngilizce metin yazma sitesi, Writing yazma sitesi, Essay d\u00fczeltici, Essay Kontrol ettirme, Gramer kontrol, \u0130ngilizce Gramer d\u00fczeltme uygulamas\u0131, \u0130ngilizce c\u00fcmle d\u00fczeltme sitesi, Essay kontrol siteleri, Tez Yapt\u0131rma, Seo Uyumlu Blog Yapt\u0131rma","inLanguage":"tr-TR","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/#organization"}}]},"og:locale":"tr_TR","og:site_name":"En \u0130yi Essay | bestessayhomework@gmail.com - Bize Mail Kanal\u0131m\u0131zdan veya sa\u011f alt k\u00f6\u015fedeki Whatsapp tu\u015fundan Ula\u015f\u0131n - 0 (312) 276 75 93 -Essay Yapt\u0131rma, Essay Yazd\u0131rma, Parayla Essay Yazd\u0131rma, Parayla Essay Yapt\u0131rma, \u00dccretli Essay, \u00dccretli Essay Yapt\u0131rma, Profesyonel Essay Yapt\u0131rma,   Essay Projesi Yapt\u0131r, Essay \u00d6dev Yard\u0131m\u0131 Al, Essay D\u00fczenleme, Essay Projesi Yapt\u0131r,   Essay Sepeti, Essay Fiyat Teklifi Al, Essay Dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k, Essay Ar\u015fivleri, Essay Kategorisi,   Essay Yazd\u0131rmak, Essay Yazd\u0131rma \u00dccreti, Essay Sunum, Essay \u00c7eviri, Essay Yazd\u0131rma \u00dccreti,   \u00dccretli Essay Yazd\u0131rma, Essay Yazd\u0131rma Siteleri, Parayla Essay Yazma, \u00d6dev Yazd\u0131rma, Essay Yazd\u0131rmak \u0130stiyorum,   Research Paper Yazd\u0131rmak, Argumentative Essay Topics, Cause Effect Essay \u00d6rnekleri, Classification Essay, Essay \u00c7e\u015fitleri,   Essay Rehberi, Opinion Essay Examples, Makale Yazd\u0131rma, Kompozisyon Yazd\u0131rma, Parayla Makale Yazd\u0131rma,   Parayla Kompozisyon Yazd\u0131rma, \u00dccretli Makale, \u00dccretli Kompozisyon, Profesyonel Makale Yapt\u0131rma, Profesyonel Kompozisyon Yapt\u0131rma,   Makale Projesi Yapt\u0131r, Makale \u00d6dev Yard\u0131m\u0131 Al, Makale D\u00fczenleme, Makale Projesi Yapt\u0131r, Makale Sepeti,   Makale Fiyat Teklifi Al, Makale Dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k, Makale Ar\u015fivleri, Makale Kategorisi, Makale Yazd\u0131rmak, Makale Yazd\u0131rma \u00dccreti,   Makale Sunum, Makale \u00c7eviri, Makale Yazd\u0131rma \u00dccreti, \u00dccretli Makale Yazd\u0131rma, Makale Yazd\u0131rma Siteleri, Parayla Makale Yazma, Makale Sepeti,  Makale Yazd\u0131rmak \u0130stiyorum, \u00d6dev Dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00d6dev Yapt\u0131rma, Tez Yazd\u0131rma, Makale YAZDIRMA siteleri, Parayla makale YAZDIRMA, Seo makale fiyatlar\u0131, Sayfa ba\u015f\u0131 yaz\u0131 yazma \u00fccreti, \u0130ngilizce makale yazd\u0131rma, Akademik makale YAZDIRMA, Makale Fiyatlar\u0131 2022, Makale yazma, Blog Yazd\u0131rma, Blog Yazd\u0131rmak \u0130stiyorum, Essay yazma Uygulamas\u0131, Essay Yazma sitesi, \u0130ngilizce metin yazma sitesi, Writing yazma sitesi, Essay d\u00fczeltici, Essay Kontrol ettirme, Gramer kontrol, \u0130ngilizce Gramer d\u00fczeltme uygulamas\u0131, \u0130ngilizce c\u00fcmle d\u00fczeltme sitesi, Essay kontrol siteleri, Tez Yapt\u0131rma, Seo Uyumlu Blog Yapt\u0131rma","og:type":"article","og:title":"Tesad\u00fcfi Genellemeler \u2013 Felsefe \u00dczerine Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar \u2013 Felsefenin Alanlar\u0131 Nelerdir? \u2013 Felsefe Nas\u0131l \u0130ncelenir \u2013 Felsefe Alan\u0131nda \u00d6dev Yapt\u0131rma \u2013 \u00d6dev Yapt\u0131rma Fiyatlar | En \u0130yi Essay","og:description":"Hempel ve Oppenheim Kesinti Modelinin ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir uygulamas\u0131 olarak nitelendirilebilmesi i\u00e7in iki ko\u015ful yerine getirilmelidir: \uf731) ko\u015fullu \u00f6nc\u00fcl ger\u00e7ek bir yasa olmal\u0131d\u0131r ve \uf732) ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 \u200b\u200bko\u015fullar\u0131 ve s\u0131n\u0131r ko\u015fullar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda \uf731 ila \uf737 aras\u0131ndaki ifadeler do\u011fru olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Hempel ve Oppenheim, t\u00fcmdengelimli a\u00e7\u0131klama modeline ili\u015fkin tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda, pek \u00e7ok ger\u00e7ek bilimsel a\u00e7\u0131klaman\u0131n t\u00fcmdengelim modeline uymad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmeye","og:url":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/tesadufi-genellemeler-felsefe-uzerine-arastirmalar-felsefenin-alanlari-nelerdir-felsefe-nasil-incelenir-felsefe-alaninda-odev-yaptirma-odev-yaptirma\/","og:image":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/10.webp","og:image:secure_url":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/10.webp","og:image:width":1280,"og:image:height":720,"article:published_time":"2021-01-24T10:25:51+00:00","article:modified_time":"2021-01-24T10:25:51+00:00","twitter:card":"summary_large_image","twitter:title":"Tesad\u00fcfi Genellemeler \u2013 Felsefe \u00dczerine Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar \u2013 Felsefenin Alanlar\u0131 Nelerdir? \u2013 Felsefe Nas\u0131l \u0130ncelenir \u2013 Felsefe Alan\u0131nda \u00d6dev Yapt\u0131rma \u2013 \u00d6dev Yapt\u0131rma Fiyatlar | En \u0130yi Essay","twitter:description":"Hempel ve Oppenheim Kesinti Modelinin ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir uygulamas\u0131 olarak nitelendirilebilmesi i\u00e7in iki ko\u015ful yerine getirilmelidir: \uf731) ko\u015fullu \u00f6nc\u00fcl ger\u00e7ek bir yasa olmal\u0131d\u0131r ve \uf732) ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 \u200b\u200bko\u015fullar\u0131 ve s\u0131n\u0131r ko\u015fullar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda \uf731 ila \uf737 aras\u0131ndaki ifadeler do\u011fru olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Hempel ve Oppenheim, t\u00fcmdengelimli a\u00e7\u0131klama modeline ili\u015fkin tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda, pek \u00e7ok ger\u00e7ek bilimsel a\u00e7\u0131klaman\u0131n t\u00fcmdengelim modeline uymad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmeye","twitter:image":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/10.webp"},"aioseo_meta_data":{"post_id":"3481","title":null,"description":null,"keywords":null,"keyphrases":null,"primary_term":null,"canonical_url":null,"og_title":null,"og_description":null,"og_object_type":"default","og_image_type":"default","og_image_url":null,"og_image_width":null,"og_image_height":null,"og_image_custom_url":null,"og_image_custom_fields":null,"og_video":null,"og_custom_url":null,"og_article_section":null,"og_article_tags":null,"twitter_use_og":false,"twitter_card":"default","twitter_image_type":"default","twitter_image_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_fields":null,"twitter_title":null,"twitter_description":null,"schema":{"blockGraphs":[],"customGraphs":[],"default":{"data":{"Article":[],"Course":[],"Dataset":[],"FAQPage":[],"Movie":[],"Person":[],"Product":[],"ProductReview":[],"Car":[],"Recipe":[],"Service":[],"SoftwareApplication":[],"WebPage":[]},"graphName":"","isEnabled":true},"graphs":[]},"schema_type":"default","schema_type_options":null,"pillar_content":false,"robots_default":true,"robots_noindex":false,"robots_noarchive":false,"robots_nosnippet":false,"robots_nofollow":false,"robots_noimageindex":false,"robots_noodp":false,"robots_notranslate":false,"robots_max_snippet":null,"robots_max_videopreview":null,"robots_max_imagepreview":"large","priority":null,"frequency":null,"local_seo":null,"seo_analyzer_scan_date":null,"breadcrumb_settings":null,"limit_modified_date":false,"reviewed_by":null,"open_ai":null,"ai":null,"created":"2024-11-01 20:17:34","updated":"2025-06-03 13:49:09"},"aioseo_breadcrumb":"<div class=\"aioseo-breadcrumbs\"><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb\">\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\" title=\"Ev\">Ev<\/a>\n<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb-separator\">&raquo;<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb\">\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/category\/olasilikli-ve-olasilikli-olmayan-ornekleme-turlerinin-benzerlikleri-ve-farkliliklari\/\" title=\"Olas\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 ve Olas\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olmayan \u00d6rnekleme t\u00fcrlerinin benzerlikleri ve farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131\">Olas\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 ve Olas\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olmayan \u00d6rnekleme t\u00fcrlerinin benzerlikleri ve farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131<\/a>\n<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb-separator\">&raquo;<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb\">\n\tTesad\u00fcfi Genellemeler \u2013 Felsefe \u00dczerine Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar \u2013 Felsefenin Alanlar\u0131 Nelerdir? \u2013 Felsefe Nas\u0131l \u0130ncelenir \u2013 Felsefe Alan\u0131nda \u00d6dev Yapt\u0131rma \u2013 \u00d6dev Yapt\u0131rma Fiyatlar\n<\/span><\/div>","aioseo_breadcrumb_json":[{"label":"Ev","link":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr"},{"label":"Olas\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 ve Olas\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olmayan \u00d6rnekleme t\u00fcrlerinin benzerlikleri ve farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131","link":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/category\/olasilikli-ve-olasilikli-olmayan-ornekleme-turlerinin-benzerlikleri-ve-farkliliklari\/"},{"label":"Tesad\u00fcfi Genellemeler \u2013 Felsefe \u00dczerine Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar \u2013 Felsefenin Alanlar\u0131 Nelerdir? \u2013 Felsefe Nas\u0131l \u0130ncelenir \u2013 Felsefe Alan\u0131nda \u00d6dev Yapt\u0131rma \u2013 \u00d6dev Yapt\u0131rma Fiyatlar","link":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/tesadufi-genellemeler-felsefe-uzerine-arastirmalar-felsefenin-alanlari-nelerdir-felsefe-nasil-incelenir-felsefe-alaninda-odev-yaptirma-odev-yaptirma\/"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3481","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3481"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3481\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3149"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3481"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3481"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3481"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}