{"id":6234,"date":"2021-07-29T13:06:46","date_gmt":"2021-07-29T10:06:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/?p=6234"},"modified":"2021-07-29T13:06:46","modified_gmt":"2021-07-29T10:06:46","slug":"radyasyona-maruz-kalma-is-sagligi-ve-guvenligi-odevleri-is-sagligi-ve-guvenligi-tez-yaptirma-isg-is-sagligi-ve-guvenligi-tez-yaptirma-ucretleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/radyasyona-maruz-kalma-is-sagligi-ve-guvenligi-odevleri-is-sagligi-ve-guvenligi-tez-yaptirma-isg-is-sagligi-ve-guvenligi-tez-yaptirma-ucretleri\/","title":{"rendered":"RADYASYONA MARUZ KALMA \u2013 \u0130\u015f Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve G\u00fcvenli\u011fi \u00d6devleri \u2013 \u0130\u015f Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve G\u00fcvenli\u011fi Tez Yapt\u0131rma \u2013 \u0130SG \u2013 \u0130\u015f Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve G\u00fcvenli\u011fi Tez Yapt\u0131rma \u00dccretleri"},"content":{"rendered":"

RADYASYONA MARUZ KALMA POTANS\u0130YEL\u0130<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Uluslararas\u0131 G\u0131da I\u015f\u0131nlamas\u0131 Dan\u0131\u015fma Grubu’na (1999) ve EPA’ya (2008a) g\u00f6re, bug\u00fcn d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda faaliyet g\u00f6steren yakla\u015f\u0131k 170 end\u00fcstriyel gama \u0131\u015f\u0131nlama tesisi var ve bunlar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 di\u011fer \u00fcr\u00fcn t\u00fcrlerine ek olarak g\u0131dalar\u0131 da i\u015fliyor. I\u015f\u0131nlama tesislerinin \u00e7o\u011fu, tek kullan\u0131ml\u0131k t\u0131bbi ve farmas\u00f6tik malzemeleri sterilize etmek ve di\u011fer g\u0131da d\u0131\u015f\u0131 maddeleri i\u015flemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tesisler, deprem veya kas\u0131rga gibi bir do\u011fal afet meydana geldi\u011finde i\u015f\u00e7i sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korumak ve toplumu korumak i\u00e7in \u00e7oklu g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemleriyle standart tasar\u0131mlara g\u00f6re in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir. <\/span><\/p>\n

G\u0131da \u0131\u015f\u0131nlama tesislerinde radyasyondan korunma birka\u00e7 temel unsurdan olu\u015fur:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u25a0 tesis tasar\u0131m\u0131<\/span>
\n\u25a0 i\u015f\u00e7i e\u011fitimi<\/span>
\n\u25a0 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma prosed\u00fcrleri<\/span>
\n\u25a0 g\u00f6zetim<\/span>
\n\u25a0 d\u00fczenleyici g\u00f6zetim<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fyeri radyasyon maruziyetlerinin \u00e7o\u011fu, uygun i\u015fletim ve g\u00fcvenlik prosed\u00fcrlerine uyulmamas\u0131, yetersiz e\u011fitim, yetersiz d\u00fczenleyici kontrol, yetersiz bak\u0131m, ekipman ar\u0131zas\u0131 ve birka\u00e7 durumda kas\u0131tl\u0131 ihlal nedeniyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bir\u00e7ok faaliyet, insanlar ve \u00e7evre i\u00e7in belirli riskler i\u00e7erir. I\u015f\u0131nlama tesislerindeki ana tehlikelerden biri, iyonla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 radyasyona kazara maruz kalmakla ili\u015fkilidir. ABD N\u00fckleer D\u00fczenleme Komisyonu lisans gereklilikleri uyar\u0131nca, radyoaktif kaynaklar\u0131 kullanan tesisler, personeli ve \u00e7evreyi kazara radyasyona maruz kalmaktan korumak i\u00e7in birden fazla ar\u0131za emniyetli \u00f6nlemle tasarlanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tesis tasar\u0131m\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 oldu\u011fu kadar halk\u0131 da korumak i\u00e7in gerekli uygun miktarda korumay\u0131 i\u00e7erecek \u015fekilde etkili g\u00fcvenlik kontrol sistemleri i\u00e7ermelidir. G\u00fcvenlik, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n i\u015fletim prosed\u00fcrlerine uymas\u0131na ve uygun e\u011fitime ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcm radyasyon tesisleri uygun d\u00fczenleyici kurumlar taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlenmeli, lisanslanmal\u0131 ve denetlenmelidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u00dcZENLEY\u0130C\u0130 KURULU\u015eLAR:<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

GIDA I\u015eINLAMASI VE \u00a0<\/span><\/strong>TES\u0130S G\u00dcVENL\u0130\u011e\u0130<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

2000 y\u0131l\u0131nda, g\u0131da ve tar\u0131m konular\u0131ndan sorumlu m\u00fcd\u00fcr yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Robert E. Robertson, FDA, USDA, N\u00fckleer D\u00fczenleme Komisyonu (NRC), Mesleki G\u00fcvenlik ve Sa\u011fl\u0131k dahil olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok federal kurumun g\u0131da \u0131\u015f\u0131nlamas\u0131 ile ilgili d\u00fczenleyici sorumluluklar\u0131 oldu\u011funu bildirdi. I\u015f\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f g\u0131dalar\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in birincil d\u00fczenleyici sorumlulu\u011fa sahip FDA ile Ula\u015ft\u0131rma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu kurumlar, \u0131\u015f\u0131nlanabilecek g\u0131da t\u00fcrleri, g\u0131dalar\u0131n \u0131\u015f\u0131nlanabilece\u011fi s\u00fcre\u00e7, radyasyonun g\u00fcvenli kullan\u0131m\u0131, \u0131\u015f\u0131nlama tesislerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve radyoaktif maddelerin g\u00fcvenli ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 dahil olmak \u00fczere bir dizi konuyu d\u00fczenlemektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Federal G\u0131da, \u0130la\u00e7 ve Kozmetik Yasas\u0131 uyar\u0131nca FDA, USDA’n\u0131n sorumlulu\u011funda olan et, k\u00fcmes hayvanlar\u0131 ve baz\u0131 yumurta \u00fcr\u00fcnleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki t\u00fcm g\u0131dalar\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fini d\u00fczenlemekten genel sorumlulu\u011fa sahiptir. FDA’n\u0131n g\u0131da \u0131\u015f\u0131nlamas\u0131 konusundaki \u00f6zel sorumluluklar\u0131, ajansa g\u0131da katk\u0131 maddelerinin g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flama sorumlulu\u011funu veren 1958 tarihli G\u0131da Katk\u0131 Maddeleri De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi’nden kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

G\u0131da katk\u0131 maddelerinin \u00e7o\u011fu, g\u0131dalara eklenen maddeler olsa da, yasa, radyasyon kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bir g\u0131da katk\u0131 maddesi olarak \u00f6zellikle tan\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Radyasyon kaynaklar\u0131 (yani, kobalt-60, elektron \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131 ve X-\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 jenerat\u00f6rleri), kullan\u0131mlar\u0131 g\u0131dan\u0131n \u00f6zelliklerini etkileyebilece\u011finden g\u0131da katk\u0131 maddeleri olarak kabul edilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

\nRadyasyona<\/a> maruz kalma belirtileri<\/span>
\nRadyasyona maruz kalan ne yapmal\u0131<\/span>
\nRadyasyona maruz kalmak ne demek<\/span>
\nRadyasyona en duyarl\u0131 organ<\/span>
\nRadyasyona maruz kalma NASIL en aza indirilebilir<\/span>
\nRadyasyon zehirlenmesi belirtileri<\/span>
\nRadyasyona maruz kalan Adam<\/span>
\nHastanede radyasyona maruz kalmak<\/span><\/p>\n

FDA’n\u0131n g\u0131da \u0131\u015f\u0131nlamas\u0131 i\u00e7in sorumluluklar\u0131 \u015funlar\u0131 i\u00e7erir:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u25a0 g\u0131da i\u015flemede kullan\u0131lan radyasyon kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011finin belirlenmesi<\/span>
\n\u25a0 g\u0131dalar\u0131n \u0131\u015f\u0131nlanabilece\u011fi ko\u015fullar\u0131 belirleyen y\u00f6netmelikler \u00e7\u0131karmak<\/span>
\nve izin verilen maksimum radyasyon dozu<\/span>
\n\u25a0 g\u0131da \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini \u0131\u015f\u0131nlayan tesislerin denetlenmesi<\/span><\/p>\n

G\u0131da \u0131\u015f\u0131nlamas\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen g\u0131da katk\u0131 maddesi d\u00fczenlemeleri, ya kuruma g\u00f6nderilen bir dilek\u00e7e ile ya da daha az s\u0131kl\u0131kla FDA’n\u0131n kendisi taraf\u0131ndan ba\u015flat\u0131l\u0131r. Her iki durumda da FDA, katk\u0131 maddesinin izin verilen t\u00fcm kullan\u0131m ko\u015fullar\u0131 alt\u0131nda g\u00fcvenli olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirlemelidir. FDA nihai bir d\u00fczenleme yay\u0131nlad\u0131ktan sonra, katk\u0131 maddesi belirtilen kullan\u0131m ko\u015fullar\u0131na uyan herkes taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131labilir. 1963’ten beri FDA, \u00e7e\u015fitli g\u0131dalar i\u00e7in \u0131\u015f\u0131nlama kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 onaylam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 hastal\u0131\u011fa neden olan mikroorganizmalar\u0131 azaltmak<\/span>
\n\u25a0 \u00fcr\u00fcn olgunla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 geciktirme<\/span>
\n\u25a0 belirli b\u00f6cek zararl\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in karantina gereksinimlerini kar\u015f\u0131lamak<\/span><\/p>\n

USDA’n\u0131n G\u0131da G\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve Denetim Servisi (FSIS), belirli \u0131\u015f\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f g\u0131dalar\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flamaktan da sorumludur.<\/span>
\nNRC, Ula\u015ft\u0131rma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Mesleki G\u00fcvenlik ve Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u0130daresi, radyoaktif maddelerle ilgili \u00e7evre ve i\u015f\u00e7i g\u00fcvenli\u011fi konular\u0131nda birincil sorumluluklara sahiptir.<\/span><\/p>\n

NRC, n\u00fckleer malzemelerin \u0131\u015f\u0131nlama tesislerinde g\u00fcvenli bir \u015fekilde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamaktan sorumludur. G\u0131da \u0131\u015f\u0131nlama tesisleri, NRC’nin tasar\u0131m, i\u015fletim, y\u00f6netim, e\u011fitim ve di\u011fer gerekliliklerini kar\u015f\u0131lamal\u0131d\u0131r ve uygunluk a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan y\u0131ll\u0131k olarak denetlenir. Baz\u0131 durumlarda, NRC, en az NRC kadar koruma gerektirmesi gereken d\u00fczenleyici otoriteyi eyalet h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerine b\u0131rak\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

NRC ve Ula\u015ft\u0131rma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, radyoaktif malzemelerin ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleme konusunda birincil sorumlulu\u011fu payla\u015f\u0131r. (ABD Posta Servisi, Enerji Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve eyaletler de bu malzemelerin ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczenlenmesinde yer almaktad\u0131r.)<\/span><\/p>\n

NRC, FSIS ve Hayvan ve Bitki Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Denetleme Servisi s\u0131ras\u0131yla n\u00fckleer malzeme kullanan, et ve k\u00fcmes hayvan\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131nlayan ve bitkisel \u00fcr\u00fcnleri \u0131\u015f\u0131nlayan tesislerde i\u015f\u00e7inin korunmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin hususlar\u0131 d\u00fczenler.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mesleki G\u00fcvenlik ve Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u0130daresi, g\u0131da \u0131\u015f\u0131nlama tesislerinde i\u015f\u00e7i g\u00fcvenli\u011fini d\u00fczenler.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ajans, t\u00fcm radyasyon tesislerinin \u015funlar\u0131 bar\u0131nd\u0131rmas\u0131 gerekir;<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u25a0 bir i\u015f\u00e7i g\u00fcvenli\u011fi program\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak<\/span>
\n\u25a0 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 kazara radyasyona maruz kalmaktan korumak i\u00e7in prosed\u00fcrler olu\u015fturun<\/span>
\n\u25a0 dikkat i\u015faretlerini, etiketleri ve sinyalleri belirgin bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleyin<\/span>
\n\u25a0 her \u00e7al\u0131\u015fana film rozetleri, cep odalar\u0131, cep dozimetreleri veya film halkalar\u0131 gibi radyasyon emilimini \u00f6l\u00e7mek i\u00e7in ki\u015fisel bir cihaz sa\u011flay\u0131n<\/span>
\n\u25a0 k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 bir alandaki hi\u00e7 kimsenin tablo 7.1’de \u00f6zetlenenlerden daha y\u00fcksek d\u00fczeyde radyasyon almamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flay\u0131n.<\/span>
\n\u25a0 18 ya\u015f\u0131n alt\u0131ndaki hi\u00e7bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n bir takvim y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7inde, tablo 7.1’de g\u00f6sterilen de\u011ferlerin y\u00fczde 10’unu a\u015fan bir dozda iyonla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 radyasyon almamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flay\u0131n.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130YON\u0130ZAN RADYASYON KORUMASI VE G\u00dcVENL\u0130\u011e\u0130<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

G\u0131da \u0131\u015f\u0131nlama s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde kullan\u0131lan X-\u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131 ve gama \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131 gibi iyonla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 radyasyon kaynaklar\u0131, uygun \u015fekilde kontrol edilmezse, etkilenen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir risk olu\u015fturabilir. Her \u015feyden \u00f6nce, kaynaktan radyasyon emisyonunu s\u0131n\u0131rlamak i\u00e7in m\u00fchendislik ve idari kontroller yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n ki\u015fisel dozlar\u0131n\u0131 azaltmak i\u00e7in a\u015fina olmalar\u0131 gereken \u00fc\u00e7 ana mekanizma \u015funlar\u0131 i\u00e7erir:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u25a0 maruz kalma s\u00fcresinin s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/span>
\n\u25a0 kayna\u011fa olan mesafelerini art\u0131rmak<\/span>
\n\u25a0 uygun KKD (ki\u015fisel koruyucu ekipman) kullanarak, koruyucu<\/span><\/p>\n

\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

RADYASYONA MARUZ KALMA POTANS\u0130YEL\u0130 Uluslararas\u0131 G\u0131da I\u015f\u0131nlamas\u0131 Dan\u0131\u015fma Grubu’na (1999) ve EPA’ya (2008a) g\u00f6re, bug\u00fcn d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda faaliyet g\u00f6steren yakla\u015f\u0131k 170 end\u00fcstriyel gama \u0131\u015f\u0131nlama tesisi var ve bunlar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 di\u011fer \u00fcr\u00fcn t\u00fcrlerine ek olarak g\u0131dalar\u0131 da i\u015fliyor. I\u015f\u0131nlama tesislerinin \u00e7o\u011fu, tek kullan\u0131ml\u0131k t\u0131bbi ve farmas\u00f6tik malzemeleri sterilize etmek ve di\u011fer g\u0131da d\u0131\u015f\u0131 maddeleri i\u015flemek…
Devam\u0131<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":6237,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[13156,13158,13157,13161,13159,13160],"tags":[13169,13167,13165,13168,13163,13162,13166,13164],"class_list":["post-6234","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hastanede-radyasyona-maruz-kalmak","category-radyasyon-zehirlenmesi-belirtileri","category-radyasyona-maruz-kalan-adam","category-radyasyona-maruz-kalma-belirtileri","category-radyasyona-maruz-kalma-nasil-en-aza-indirilebilir","category-radyasyona-maruz-kalmak-ne-demek","tag-hastanede-radyasyona-maruz-kalmak","tag-radyasyon-zehirlenmesi-belirtileri","tag-radyasyona-en-duyarli-organ","tag-radyasyona-maruz-kalan-adam","tag-radyasyona-maruz-kalan-ne-yapmali","tag-radyasyona-maruz-kalma-belirtileri","tag-radyasyona-maruz-kalma-nasil-en-aza-indirilebilir","tag-radyasyona-maruz-kalmak-ne-demek"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t