{"id":7163,"date":"2021-10-20T11:45:22","date_gmt":"2021-10-20T08:45:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/?p=7163"},"modified":"2021-10-20T11:45:22","modified_gmt":"2021-10-20T08:45:22","slug":"ses-gucu-seviyesi-is-sagligi-ve-guvenligi-tez-yaptirma-isg-is-sagligi-ve-guvenligi-tez-yaptirma-ucretleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/ses-gucu-seviyesi-is-sagligi-ve-guvenligi-tez-yaptirma-isg-is-sagligi-ve-guvenligi-tez-yaptirma-ucretleri\/","title":{"rendered":"Ses G\u00fcc\u00fc Seviyesi \u2013 \u0130\u015f Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve G\u00fcvenli\u011fi Tez Yapt\u0131rma \u2013 \u0130SG \u2013 \u0130\u015f Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve G\u00fcvenli\u011fi Tez Yapt\u0131rma \u00dccretleri"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ses G\u00fcc\u00fc Seviyesi<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Ses bas\u0131n\u00e7 seviyesi (L,) her zaman g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc kayna\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re belirli bir noktada tan\u0131mlanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Kayna\u011fa g\u00f6re konuma ve kaynak ile al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n etraf\u0131ndaki ortama ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Ses G\u00fcc\u00fc Seviyesi (L), yay\u0131lan toplam akustik enerjinin bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcd\u00fcr ve kayna\u011f\u0131n \u00e7evresindeki ortamdan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zd\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ses g\u00fcc\u00fc seviyesi kavram\u0131 en iyi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u015fekilde g\u00f6sterilmektedir.\u00a0<\/span>1 kW’l\u0131k bir elektrik yang\u0131n\u0131ndan 1 metrede \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclen s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir buhar kazan\u0131ndan 1 metrede \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclen s\u0131cakl\u0131kla ayn\u0131 oldu\u011funu varsayal\u0131m.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u0131cakl\u0131klar ayn\u0131 olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, kazan daha geni\u015f bir y\u00fczey alan\u0131na yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in daha fazla \u0131s\u0131 yayacakt\u0131r. Benzer \u015fekilde, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir end\u00fcstriyel so\u011futma kulesinden 1 metre uzakl\u0131ktaki ses bas\u0131n\u00e7 seviyesi, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir pompadan 1 metre mesafedeki ile ayn\u0131 olabilir, ancak so\u011futma kulesi taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131lan akustik g\u00fc\u00e7 \u00e7ok daha b\u00fcy\u00fck olacakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ses g\u00fcc\u00fc seviyesi, yank\u0131lanma ve bas\u0131n\u00e7 seviyesi ile topluluk g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc hesaplamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ses \u0130letimi<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

G\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc iletiminde en basit kavram ters kare yasas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, kayna\u011fa olan mesafe iki kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131karsa, g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc seviyesindeki azalma olacakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mesafelerin 200-300 metreyi ge\u00e7ti\u011fi durumlarda di\u011fer absorpsiyon fakt\u00f6rleri dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bunlara atmosferik zay\u0131flama ve ‘yer emme etkileri’ dahildir. Atmosferik zay\u0131flama (molek\u00fcler absorpsiyon) mesafe ile orant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r, ancak ‘zemin’ absorpsiyon, kaynak ve al\u0131c\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki araya giren araziye ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ses seviyesi \u00f6l\u00e7er<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

G\u00fcvenlik dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u00fcstlenilen g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc kontrol \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu, g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclmesini ve muhtemelen analizini i\u00e7erecektir. Bu nedenle, ses bas\u0131n\u00e7 seviyesi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmlerinin ve ses seviyesi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm cihazlar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ve s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar\u0131n\u0131n anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6nemlidir. \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcm tekni\u011findeki veya yorumlamadaki hatalar, maliyetli hatalara veya d\u00fczeltici \u00f6nlemlerde a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 belirlemelere yol a\u00e7abilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Enstr\u00fcman<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Piyasada \u00e7ok say\u0131da ses seviyesi \u00f6l\u00e7er vard\u0131r, ancak hepsi benzer \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Temel el seti, bir mikrofon, a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kland\u0131rma a\u011f\u0131na sahip bir amplifikat\u00f6r ve bir saya\u00e7 veya dijital sunum \u015feklinde bir okuma cihaz\u0131ndan olu\u015fur. Mikrofon, dalgalanan ses bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fckseltilen ve a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kland\u0131r\u0131lan bir voltaja d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcr (A, B veya Do\u011frusal vb.).<\/span><\/p>\n

Ses d\u00fczeyi<\/a> hesaplama<\/span>
\nMesleki i\u015fitme kayb\u0131<\/span>
\n\u0130\u015fitme kayb\u0131 ise Giri\u015f<\/span>
\nG\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc maruziyet s\u00fcreleri<\/span>
\nDuyma sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in kritik ses E\u015fi\u011fi<\/span>
\nKulak koruyucular\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m zorunlulu\u011fu<\/span>
\n\u0130\u015f makinelerini kullanarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u015f\u00e7iler kulak sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in neler yapmal\u0131d\u0131r<\/span>
\n\u0130\u015fyeri desibel s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131<\/span><\/p>\n

Elektrik sinyali daha sonra bir metre veya dijital okuma yapar. Bir\u00e7ok cihazda, frekans analizinin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in bir oktav veya oktav bant filtresi dahil edilmi\u015ftir. Sinyal daha sonra a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kland\u0131rma a\u011f\u0131n\u0131 baypas edecek ve frekans filtreleri arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla okuma cihaz\u0131na beslenecektir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mevcut iki ses seviyesi \u00f6l\u00e7er s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131, hassas ve end\u00fcstriyel aras\u0131ndaki fark, \u00f6zellikle y\u00fcksek ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck frekansta \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmlerin kesinlik derecesidir. Saya\u00e7lar, \u0130ngiliz Standartlar\u0131na veya IEC’nin tavsiyelerine uygun olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ses seviyesi \u00f6l\u00e7er kullan\u0131m\u0131<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Farkl\u0131 tiplerdeki ses seviyesi \u00f6l\u00e7erlerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00fcvenlik dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131 \u00fcreticinin talimat kitab\u0131na ba\u015fvurmal\u0131d\u0131r. G\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc i\u00e7in herhangi bir cihaz i\u00e7in temel gereksinim, gere\u011finden fazla karma\u015f\u0131k olmamas\u0131 ve kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve kalibre edilmesinin kolay olmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

G\u00fcvenlik dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lacak tipik bir ses seviyesi \u00f6l\u00e7er, dBA ve oktav band\u0131 ses bas\u0131nc\u0131 seviyelerini \u00f6l\u00e7me olana\u011f\u0131na sahip olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Daha karma\u015f\u0131k saya\u00e7lar, e\u015fde\u011fer g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc seviyesini (Les, LEP.d) \u00f6l\u00e7mek ve istatistiksel analiz yapmak i\u00e7in olanaklara sahiptir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kulak –\u00a0<\/span>\u0130\u015fitme mekanizmas\u0131<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Sa\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n nas\u0131l olu\u015ftu\u011funu anlamadan \u00f6nce kula\u011f\u0131n nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. K\u0131saca ses bas\u0131n\u00e7 dalgalar\u0131 i\u015fitsel kanala girer ve kulak zar\u0131n\u0131n (timpanik membran) bas\u0131n\u00e7 dalgalanmalar\u0131na g\u00f6re sempatiyle hareket etmesine neden olur. \u00c7eki\u00e7, \u00f6rs ve \u00fczengi (kemikcikler) ad\u0131 verilen \u00fc\u00e7 dakikal\u0131k kemikler, titre\u015fimleri oval pencere arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla i\u00e7 kulaktaki s\u0131v\u0131ya ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kokleadaki ince t\u00fcylere iletir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu k\u0131llar, i\u015fitme hissi vermek i\u00e7in yan\u0131t veren sinir h\u00fccrelerine ba\u011flan\u0131r. Bu sa\u00e7lar\u0131n hasar g\u00f6rmesi veya bozulmas\u0131, ister y\u00fcksek g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc seviyelerine maruz kalma, ister patlamalar veya ya\u015flanma nedeniyle olsun, i\u015fitme kayb\u0131na neden olacakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Odyogram<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Odyogram al\u0131narak kula\u011f\u0131n performans\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilir. Odyogramlar normalde \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck dahili g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc seviyesine sahip ve titre\u015fimden izole edilmi\u015f bir Odyoloji Odas\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir. Odyogram, test edilen ki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan belirli tonlar\u0131n duyulabilece\u011fi ve duyulmas\u0131n\u0131n sona erdi\u011fi seviyeleri tespit ederek elde edilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fitme kayb\u0131<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

G\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcye ba\u011fl\u0131 i\u015fitme kayb\u0131 (mesleki i\u015fitme kayb\u0131), kokleadaki al\u0131c\u0131 h\u00fccrelerin a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 uyar\u0131lmas\u0131 sonucu i\u015fitsel yorgunlu\u011fa neden olur. Erken evrelerinde, genellikle i\u015fitme e\u015fi\u011finde bir art\u0131\u015f olarak g\u00f6sterilir – ‘ge\u00e7ici e\u015fik kaymas\u0131’. Ge\u00e7ici i\u015fitme hasar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6stergesi olan kulak \u00e7\u0131nlamas\u0131 (tinnitus) e\u015flik edebilir. Y\u00fcksek g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc seviyelerine maruz kalmaya devam edilirse, sonu\u00e7 \u201ckal\u0131c\u0131 bir e\u015fik kaymas\u0131\u201d veya g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcye ba\u011fl\u0131 sa\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k olacakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

G\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcye ba\u011fl\u0131 sa\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n etkileri, s\u00fcrekli maruz kalma ile derinle\u015fen ve geni\u015fleyen 4 kHz’deki odyogramdaki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f ile g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. Sonunda konu\u015fma frekanslar\u0131 etkilenir, hasta \u00fcns\u00fczleri duyma yetene\u011fini kaybeder ve konu\u015fma sesleri birbirine dizilmi\u015f bir dizi \u00fcnl\u00fc gibi ses \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fitme bozuklu\u011funu kontrol ederken her zaman g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulmas\u0131 gereken ya\u015fa ba\u011fl\u0131 i\u015fitme kayb\u0131nda da benzer etkiler meydana gelir.<\/span><\/p>\n

E\u015fde\u011fer g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc seviyesi<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Genel olarak topluluk i\u00e7indeki veya bir fabrika i\u00e7indeki g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc seviyesi zamanla de\u011fi\u015fecektir. E\u015fde\u011fer g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc seviyesi (Leq), belirli bir zaman periyodunda, dalgalanan seviye ile ayn\u0131 miktarda ses enerjisi verecek olan sabit bir kavramsal g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc seviyesi olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131r. Bu nedenle, Le’yi korumak i\u00e7in, SPL ikiye katland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, yani 3 dB artt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, maruz kalma s\u00fcresi yar\u0131ya indirilmelidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

E\u015fde\u011fer g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc seviyesi kavram\u0131, 19893 \u0130\u015fyerinde G\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc Y\u00f6netmeli\u011finde kullan\u0131lan ve buna ‘g\u00fcnl\u00fck ki\u015fisel g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc maruziyeti’ (LEP,d) olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan maruz kalma kriterlerinin temelini olu\u015fturur. Dalgalanman\u0131n iyi tan\u0131mlanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda, hesaplamalar elektronik olarak bir dozimetre veya istatistiksel kullan\u0131larak yap\u0131labilir. analiz\u00f6r4. Ge\u00e7ici g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcler ayr\u0131ca istatistiksel analiz gerektirir ve genellikle gerekli olan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmler \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/span><\/p>\n