{"id":7458,"date":"2021-11-10T12:58:03","date_gmt":"2021-11-10T09:58:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/?p=7458"},"modified":"2021-11-14T14:03:57","modified_gmt":"2021-11-14T11:03:57","slug":"sivilastirilmis-dogal-gaz-sorunlari-is-sagligi-ve-guvenligi-tez-yaptirma-isg-is-sagligi-ve-guvenligi-tez-yaptirma-ucretleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/sivilastirilmis-dogal-gaz-sorunlari-is-sagligi-ve-guvenligi-tez-yaptirma-isg-is-sagligi-ve-guvenligi-tez-yaptirma-ucretleri\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Do\u011fal Gaz Sorunlar\u0131 \u2013 \u0130\u015f Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve G\u00fcvenli\u011fi Tez Yapt\u0131rma \u2013 \u0130SG \u2013 \u0130\u015f Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve G\u00fcvenli\u011fi Tez Yapt\u0131rma \u00dccretleri"},"content":{"rendered":"

S\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Do\u011fal Gaz Sorunlar\u0131<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

LNG G\u00dcVENL\u0130K KAYDI<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

LNG, yakla\u015f\u0131k 40 y\u0131ld\u0131r ABD’de ve d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda g\u00fcvenle ta\u015f\u0131nmakta ve kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. ABD’de \u00fc\u00e7 t\u00fcr LNG tesisi vard\u0131r: LNG ihracat\u0131, LNG ithalat\u0131 ve LNG zirve tesisleri. ABD, \u00fclke geneline da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve do\u011fal gaza ihtiya\u00e7 duyulan n\u00fcfus merkezlerinin yak\u0131n\u0131nda bulunan d\u00fcnyadaki en fazla LNG tesisine sahiptir.<\/span><\/p>\n

LNG end\u00fcstrisi m\u00fckemmel bir g\u00fcvenlik siciline sahiptir. Bu g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc g\u00fcvenlik kayd\u0131, \u00e7e\u015fitli fakt\u00f6rlerin bir sonucudur. Birincisi, end\u00fcstri, g\u00fcvenli ve emniyetli operasyonlar sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in teknik ve operasyonel olarak geli\u015fti. Teknik ve operasyonel geli\u015fmeler, LNG tesislerinin temelini olu\u015fturan m\u00fchendislikten operasyonel prosed\u00fcrlere ve personelin teknik yeterlili\u011fine kadar her \u015feyi i\u00e7erir.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130kincisi, LNG’nin fiziksel ve kimyasal \u00f6zellikleri \u00f6yle ki riskler ve tehlikeler iyi anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve teknoloji ve operasyonlara dahil edilmi\u015ftir. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc, LNG end\u00fcstrisi i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli olan standartlar, kodlar ve d\u00fczenlemeler g\u00fcvenli\u011fi daha da sa\u011flar. ABD’de LNG operat\u00f6rleri i\u00e7in kendi d\u00fczenleyici gereksinimlerimiz olsa da, sekt\u00f6r\u00fc d\u00fczenleyen geli\u015fen uluslararas\u0131 standartlardan ve kodlardan da yararland\u0131k.<\/span><\/p>\n

LNG end\u00fcstrisi olaylar\u0131 ve kazalar\u0131 olmadan de\u011fildir, ancak k\u0131skan\u0131lacak bir g\u00fcvenlik sicili tutar. Do\u011fal gaz\u0131n s\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, depolanmas\u0131 ve buharla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u00fcreci yeni bir teknoloji de\u011fildir. D\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda, baz\u0131lar\u0131 1960’lar\u0131n ortalar\u0131ndan beri faaliyet g\u00f6steren 120’den fazla tepe t\u0131ra\u015flama ve LNG depolama tesisi bulunmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca Abu Dabi, Alaska, Cezayir, Avustralya, Endonezya, Katar, Libya, Malezya, Nijerya, Trinidad ve Borneo’da 20’den fazla baz y\u00fck s\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma (LNG ihracat) tesisi bulunmaktad\u0131r. LNG, 18.500 ila 140.000 M3 aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fen boyutlarda 130’dan fazla LNG tankerinden olu\u015fan bir filo ile ta\u015f\u0131nmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu LNG gemi filosu, Bel\u00e7ika, Fransa, Yunanistan, \u0130talya, Japonya, Kore, Porto Riko, \u0130spanya, Tayvan, T\u00fcrkiye ve tabii ki ABD’deki al\u0131c\u0131 terminallere teslimat yap\u0131yor.<\/span>
\nBirka\u00e7 istisna d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, LNG i\u015fleme tesisleri, rafineriler ve di\u011fer petrokimya tesisleri ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc \u00fcst\u00fcn bir g\u00fcvenlik rekoru ortaya koymu\u015ftur.<\/span><\/p>\n

1944 Cleveland felaketi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, LNG ile ilgili t\u00fcm yaralanmalar ve\/veya \u00f6l\u00fcmler, ne kadar y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 olursa olsun, tesis veya m\u00fcteahhit personeli ile s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. LNG gemilerinde herhangi bir \u00f6l\u00fcm ya\u015fanmad\u0131. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck LNG buhar\u0131 sal\u0131n\u0131mlar\u0131 ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck yang\u0131nlar da rapor edildi, ancak etki tesisle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131yd\u0131 ve tehlike, tesis personeli taraf\u0131ndan derhal ele al\u0131nd\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n

LNG \u00d6ZELL\u0130KLER\u0130<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

LNG kokusuzdur, toksik de\u011fildir, a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fildir ve sudan daha az yo\u011fundur. LNG buharlar\u0131n\u0131n (\u00f6ncelikle metan) tutu\u015fmas\u0131, di\u011fer yan\u0131c\u0131 s\u0131v\u0131 yak\u0131t t\u00fcrlerine g\u00f6re daha zordur. Yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak-110\u00b0C’nin \u00fczerinde,LNGbuhar\u0131hafifhava. LNG topra\u011fa veya suya d\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcrse ve ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan yan\u0131c\u0131 buhar ve hava kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 bir tutu\u015fma kayna\u011f\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmazsa, \u0131s\u0131nacak, y\u00fckselecek ve atmosfere da\u011f\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

Do\u011falgaz<\/a> s\u0131v\u0131 m\u0131 gaz m\u0131<\/span>
\nLNG do\u011falgaza g\u00f6re daha m\u0131 saft\u0131r<\/span>
\nLng Nedir<\/span>
\nLng saf madde midir<\/span>
\nS\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f do\u011fal gaz Nedir<\/span>
\nLng hangi gazlardan olu\u015fur<\/span>
\nLNG ile elektrik \u00fcretimi<\/span>
\nLng nerede Kullan\u0131l\u0131r<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

Bu \u00f6zelliklerden dolay\u0131, LNG ile ili\u015fkili potansiyel tehlikeler, ate\u015flenen LNG buharlar\u0131ndan kaynaklanan \u0131s\u0131y\u0131 ve derinin veya ekipman\u0131n kriyojenik (a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 so\u011fuk) bir maddeye do\u011frudan maruz kalmas\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erir. LNG buharlar\u0131 bo\u011fucu olabilir. Bu, oksijensiz kapal\u0131 yerlerde depolanan veya kullan\u0131lan di\u011fer s\u0131v\u0131 yak\u0131tlar\u0131n buharlar\u0131 i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erlidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

LNG’nin yo\u011funlu\u011fu, galon ba\u015f\u0131na yakla\u015f\u0131k 8,3 pound olan suyun yo\u011funlu\u011funa k\u0131yasla, galon ba\u015f\u0131na yakla\u015f\u0131k 3,9 pound’dur. B\u00f6ylece LNG, suya d\u00f6k\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, sudan daha hafif oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in \u00fcstte y\u00fczer ve h\u0131zla buharla\u015f\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u00fczg\u00fcn ve g\u00fcvenli bir \u015fekilde y\u00f6netilmezse, gaz faz\u0131na d\u00f6nerken LNG’den sal\u0131nan buharlar yan\u0131c\u0131 hale gelebilir, ancak yaln\u0131zca iyi bilinen belirli ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda patlay\u0131c\u0131 hale gelebilir. M\u00fchendislik tasar\u0131m ve teknolojilerinde ve LNG tesislerinin i\u015fletim prosed\u00fcrlerinde yer alan g\u00fcvenlik ve g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemleri, bu potansiyel tehlikeleri b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azalt\u0131r. LNG buhar\u0131n\u0131n bask\u0131n bile\u015feni olan metan\u0131n \u00fcst ve alt yan\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 hacimce s\u0131ras\u0131yla y\u00fczde 5 ve y\u00fczde 15’tir.<\/span><\/p>\n

LNG TEHL\u0130KELER\u0130<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

LNG tesislerinin operat\u00f6rlerini ve \u00e7evredeki topluluklar\u0131 en \u00e7ok ilgilendiren potansiyel tehlikeler, do\u011fal gaz\u0131n temel \u00f6zelliklerinden kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r. Birincil muhafaza, ikincil muhafaza, koruma sistemleri ve ay\u0131rma mesafesi, birden fazla koruma katman\u0131 sa\u011flar. Bu \u00f6nlemler, LNG ile ili\u015fkili tehlikelerin \u00e7o\u011funa kar\u015f\u0131 koruma sa\u011flar.<\/span><\/p>\n

Buhar Bulutlar\u0131<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

LNG, s\u0131cakl\u0131k kontroll\u00fc bir konteyn\u0131rdan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131k\u00e7a \u0131s\u0131nmaya ba\u015flar ve s\u0131v\u0131y\u0131 gaza geri d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcr. Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta, gaz \u00e7evreleyen havadan daha so\u011fuk ve a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131r. Serbest kalan s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde bir sis – bir buhar bulutu – olu\u015fturur. Gaz \u0131s\u0131nd\u0131k\u00e7a \u00e7evredeki hava ile kar\u0131\u015f\u0131r ve da\u011f\u0131lmaya ba\u015flar. Buhar bulutu, alev alma aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7indeyken bir tutu\u015fma kayna\u011f\u0131na ula\u015f\u0131rsa tutu\u015facakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dondurucu S\u0131v\u0131<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Kriyojenik s\u0131v\u0131 ile do\u011frudan insan temas\u0131, temas noktas\u0131n\u0131 donduracakt\u0131r. Bu nedenle, bir LNG depolama tank\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7evreleyen muhafaza sistemleri, tank i\u00e7eri\u011finin y\u00fczde 110’unu i\u00e7erecek \u015fekilde tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Muhafaza sistemleri ayr\u0131ca tank\u0131 di\u011fer ekipmanlardan ay\u0131r\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, t\u00fcm tesis personeli, potansiyel olarak tehlikeli alanlara girerken dondurucu s\u0131v\u0131dan korunmak i\u00e7in eldiven, y\u00fcz maskesi ve di\u011fer koruyucu giysiler giymelidir. Bu potansiyel tehlike tesis s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r ve kom\u015fu topluluklar\u0131 etkilemez.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ate\u015f<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

LNG yanmaz. Yang\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 i\u00e7in LNG’nin buharla\u015fmas\u0131 ve yan\u0131c\u0131 bir kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m olu\u015fturmas\u0131 gerekir. Sal\u0131m\u0131n boyutuna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak, yang\u0131n, sal\u0131nma alan\u0131na yerel olacakt\u0131r veya bir buhar bulutu olu\u015fabilir. S\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f bir buhar bulutunun tutu\u015fmas\u0131, ani bir yang\u0131nla sonu\u00e7lanacak ve h\u0131zla serbest b\u0131rakma kayna\u011f\u0131na geri yanacakt\u0131r. Ani bir yang\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ses \u00e7\u0131karacakt\u0131r, ancak \u00fcretilen a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bas\u0131n\u00e7 az olacakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Patlama<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

LNG patlay\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fildir. LNG kaplar\u0131, s\u0131v\u0131y\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k -256\u00b0F (-160\u00b0C) gibi son derece d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir s\u0131cakl\u0131kta depolar, bu nedenle s\u0131v\u0131 durumunu korumak i\u00e7in bas\u0131n\u00e7 gerekmez. Geli\u015fmi\u015f muhafaza sistemleri, tutu\u015fturma kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131v\u0131 ile temas etmesini \u00f6nler. LNG atmosfer bas\u0131nc\u0131nda – yani bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 de\u011fil – depoland\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, kab\u0131n \u00e7atlamas\u0131 veya delinmesi ani bir patlamaya neden olmaz.<\/span><\/p>\n

LNG’den gelebilecek potansiyel patlamalar, bir buhar bulutunun tutu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n bir sonucudur. Kapal\u0131 bir buhar bulutu, sahada ve saha d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda hasara neden olabilecek a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bas\u0131n\u00e7lar olu\u015fturma potansiyeline sahiptir. Tesis d\u0131\u015f\u0131 hasar, b\u00fcy\u00fck olas\u0131l\u0131kla, konteyneri \u00e7evreleyen g\u00fcvenlik gezi b\u00f6lgeleri nedeniyle pencere k\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

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