{"id":7467,"date":"2021-11-10T17:48:04","date_gmt":"2021-11-10T14:48:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/?p=7467"},"modified":"2021-11-14T13:59:59","modified_gmt":"2021-11-14T10:59:59","slug":"guvenlik-dislama-bolgeleri-is-sagligi-ve-guvenligi-tez-yaptirma-isg-is-sagligi-ve-guvenligi-tez-yaptirma-ucretleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/guvenlik-dislama-bolgeleri-is-sagligi-ve-guvenligi-tez-yaptirma-isg-is-sagligi-ve-guvenligi-tez-yaptirma-ucretleri\/","title":{"rendered":"G\u00fcvenlik D\u0131\u015flama B\u00f6lgeleri \u2013 \u0130\u015f Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve G\u00fcvenli\u011fi Tez Yapt\u0131rma \u2013 \u0130SG \u2013 \u0130\u015f Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve G\u00fcvenli\u011fi Tez Yapt\u0131rma \u00dccretleri"},"content":{"rendered":"

Yang\u0131n Korumas\u0131<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

T\u00fcm LNG terminallerinde yang\u0131n suyu sistemi bulunmal\u0131d\u0131r. Su miktar\u0131, yang\u0131ndan korunma sistemlerinin say\u0131s\u0131 ve bu sistemlere olan talebe g\u00f6re belirlenecektir. LNG terminalleri genellikle suyun yan\u0131nda yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, su temininin s\u00fcresi tipik olarak bir sorun de\u011fildir.<\/span><\/p>\n

LNG tesisleri i\u00e7in yang\u0131ndan korunma sistemleri su spreyi, k\u00f6p\u00fck, kuru kimyasal veya bunlar\u0131n bir kombinasyonundan olu\u015fur. Su spreyi, ekipman ve yap\u0131lar \u00fczerinde radyan \u0131s\u0131ya maruz kalmay\u0131 kontrol etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. LNG havuzu yang\u0131nlar\u0131 ne su ile kontrol edilir ne de s\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. Asl\u0131nda, LNG y\u00fczeyine su uygulanmas\u0131 buharla\u015fma oran\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131racakt\u0131r, bu nedenle yang\u0131n kontrol\u00fc \u00fczerinde olumsuz sonu\u00e7larla yanma h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rma potansiyeli vard\u0131r. Su p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme sistemlerinin kullan\u0131m\u0131 tasar\u0131mda dikkatlice d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmelidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

K\u00f6p\u00fck, \u00f6zellikle y\u00fcksek genle\u015fmeli k\u00f6p\u00fck, bir LNG s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczeyindeki buharla\u015fma oran\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilir. K\u00f6p\u00fck, y\u00fczey ile hava aras\u0131nda yanmay\u0131 \u00f6nleyen ve buharla\u015fma h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 yava\u015flatan bir bariyer olu\u015fturarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Y\u00fcksek genle\u015fmeli k\u00f6p\u00fck genellikle su tutma alanlar\u0131 veya bir LNG havuzunun olu\u015fabilece\u011fi yerler i\u00e7in sa\u011flan\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

LNG yang\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6nd\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in kuru kimyasal s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme sistemleri kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Kuru kimyasal, ek buharla\u015fmaya izin verecek \u015fekilde y\u00fczey \u00e7alkalanmayacak \u015fekilde uygulanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bo\u015faltma alan\u0131na, LNG pompalar\u0131na, kaynatma kompres\u00f6rlerine ve LNG vaporizat\u00f6rlerine kuru kimyasal sistemler kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ay\u0131rma (G\u00fcvenlik D\u0131\u015flama B\u00f6lgeleri)<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Federal g\u00fcvenlik y\u00f6netmelikleri, bir havuz yang\u0131n\u0131 veya yan\u0131c\u0131 buhar bulutu durumunda kom\u015fu topluluklar\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in LNG terminallerinin yasak b\u00f6lgelerle \u00e7evrelenmesini gerektirir.<\/span><\/p>\n

LNG terminalleri ve nakliye i\u00e7in \u00e7o\u011fu tehlike analizi, varsay\u0131msal kazalar\u0131n etkilerini tahmin etmek i\u00e7in bilgisayar modellerine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Federal yerle\u015fim standartlar\u0131, \u00f6zellikle termal radyasyon ve yan\u0131c\u0131 buhar bulutu d\u0131\u015flama b\u00f6lgelerinin bilgisayar modellemesini gerektirir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu t\u00fcr modeller, LNG g\u00fcvenlik ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131nda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen t\u00fcrde b\u00fcy\u00fck LNG olaylar\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ve tarihsel LNG g\u00fcvenlik deneylerinin \u00f6l\u00e7ek ve kapsam olarak s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olmas\u0131 nedeniyle gereklidir. Bununla birlikte, LNG tehlike bilgisayar modelleri son derece karma\u015f\u0131kt\u0131r ve do\u011fas\u0131 gere\u011fi belirsizdir ve adil fikirli analistlerin me\u015fru olarak ayn\u0131 fikirde olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hesaplamalara ve girdi varsay\u0131mlar\u0131na dayan\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bir LNG tehlike modelindeki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck farkl\u0131l\u0131klar bile \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde farkl\u0131 sonu\u00e7lara yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, son LNG g\u00fcvenlik b\u00f6lgesi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na at\u0131fta bulunularak, tehlikeli termal radyasyon i\u00e7in mesafelerin 1.400 fit ila 4.000 fit aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fi tahmin edilmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n

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G\u00fcvenli<\/a> kent<\/span>
\nKent ve su\u00e7<\/span>
\nKent ve su\u00e7 \u00dczerine KAVRAMSAL bir \u00e7er\u00e7eve<\/span>
\nAnkara su\u00e7 haritas\u0131<\/span>
\nKENTSEL YOKSULLUK<\/span>
\nKent su\u00e7lar\u0131<\/span>
\nMs\u00fc ara\u015ft\u0131rma ENST\u0130T\u00dcS\u00dc<\/span>
\nSu\u00e7 ve mek\u00e2n<\/span><\/p>\n

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Sebep ne olursa olsun, bir metan\/hava kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fumu ve hareketi, ister karada ister suda olsun, s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131n\u0131n miktar\u0131na, atmosferik stabiliteye, r\u00fczgar y\u00f6n\u00fc ve h\u0131z\u0131na ve atmosfer ile suyun s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. LNG buharla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, yeterli zaman ortam s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131na ula\u015fmas\u0131na izin verene kadar \u00e7o\u011funlukla metan ve \u00e7ok so\u011fuk olan buhar olu\u015fturur.<\/span><\/p>\n

Atmosfere maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta -259 F’de olan gaz, kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 havay\u0131 so\u011futur ve yo\u011fun nem nedeniyle \u00e7o\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr olan a\u011f\u0131r, so\u011fuk bir bulut olu\u015fturur. -160 F’de metan gaz\u0131 tek ba\u015f\u0131na y\u00fczer, yani havadan daha az yo\u011fun hale gelse de, so\u011fuk hava-gaz kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 yapmaz. LNG bulutu da\u011f\u0131lana kadar r\u00fczgarla birlikte de hareket eder.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ropoze edilen Mare Adas\u0131 LNG terminali i\u00e7in California Afet Konseyi Vallejo \u015eehri taraf\u0131ndan modelleme yap\u0131ld\u0131!’ Se\u00e7ilen ilk senaryo, bir tank\u0131 ate\u015flemeden patlatan ve t\u00fcm i\u00e7eri\u011fi bir metrelik (3,3 fit) veya be\u015f metrelik (16,4 fit) \u00e7apl\u0131 bir delikten suya d\u00f6ken bir LNG ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmas\u0131yd\u0131. Bir tank\u0131 par\u00e7alayacak kadar \u015fiddetli bir \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fman\u0131n LNG’yi tutu\u015fturmas\u0131 muhtemeldir, ancak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131n modellenmesi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Su \u00fczerinde bir LNG sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in modellemenin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 Tablo 2’de \u00f6zetlenmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Quest Dan\u0131\u015fmanlar\u0131 2001 y\u0131l\u0131nda DOE i\u00e7in bir kara LNG tank\u0131nda sal\u0131n\u0131m ve da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m hesaplamalar\u0131 yapt\u0131lar. Quest da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 Tablo 3’te \u00f6zetlenmi\u015ftir. belirtilen atmosferik ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda r\u00fczgar y\u00f6n\u00fcnde hareket etmeli ve g\u00f6sterilen maksimum r\u00fczgar y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki mesafeye ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m modelinin hi\u00e7bir yerinde bir ate\u015fleme kayna\u011f\u0131yla da kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Quest Dan\u0131\u015fmanlar\u0131 ayr\u0131ca bo\u015faltma i\u015flemleri s\u0131ras\u0131nda bo\u015faltma hatt\u0131n\u0131n ar\u0131zalanmas\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren ikinci bir senaryoyu modelledi. Bu modelde hatt\u0131n giyotin tarz\u0131 bir kopu\u015fla kesildi\u011fini ve hatt\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011fini on dakika boyunca kontrols\u00fcz bir \u015fekilde dakikada 55.000 galon h\u0131zla p\u00fcsk\u00fcrt\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ve d\u00f6k\u00fclen maddenin suyun \u00fczerinde oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in suya girdi\u011fini de varsaym\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

On dakika boyunca tam ak\u0131\u015f varsay\u0131m\u0131, ka\u00e7ak tespit ve otomatik kontrol sistemlerinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda muhafazakar bir varsay\u0131md\u0131r. Bununla birlikte, bu miktar\u0131n suya d\u00f6k\u00fclmesi, en k\u00f6t\u00fc durumda bir i\u015fletme ar\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131 temsil eder. Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m hesaplamalar\u0131, atmosferik kararl\u0131l\u0131k D ve saniyede 5 metrelik bir r\u00fczgar h\u0131z\u0131 varsay\u0131yordu. Bu ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda, yan\u0131c\u0131 duman, d\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fcden 0,4 mil uzakta bir noktaya da ula\u015fabilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Quest Consultants ayr\u0131ca 25.000 m3’l\u00fck bir ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 tank\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011finin suya d\u00f6k\u00fclmesinden ve 600.000 varil (95.400 m3) bir depolama tank\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011fini bir ve be\u015f metrelik deliklerden bent alan\u0131na d\u00f6k\u00fclmesinden kaynaklanan bir havuz yang\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n merkezinden radyan \u0131s\u0131 ak\u0131s\u0131 seviyelerini hesaplad\u0131. Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da da verilmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c7\u00d6Z\u00dcM<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

LNG, ABD enerji piyasalar\u0131nda uzun s\u00fcredir devam eden ve de\u011ferli bir rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. De\u011fi\u015fen ekonomik g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm, enerji talebi ve \u00e7evresel fakt\u00f6rler nedeniyle LNG’nin rol\u00fc \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki be\u015f y\u0131l i\u00e7inde \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde geni\u015fleyecektir. LNG, son 40 y\u0131ld\u0131r g\u00fcvenli bir \u015fekilde depolan\u0131yor, ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131yor ve de i\u015fleniyor. LNG end\u00fcstrisi m\u00fckemmel bir g\u00fcvenlik siciline sahiptir ve iyi d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p>\n

LNG’nin depoland\u0131\u011f\u0131 toplulu\u011fu korumak i\u00e7in LNG’nin uygun \u015fekilde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in tasar\u0131m standartlar\u0131 mevcuttur. LNG i\u00e7in yeterli koruma katman\u0131 mevcuttur ve birincil, ikincil, koruma \u00f6nlemleri ve ay\u0131rmay\u0131 (gezi g\u00fcvenlik b\u00f6lgeleri) i\u00e7erir. Gezi g\u00fcvenlik b\u00f6lgeleri olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan modelleme muhafazakard\u0131r ve mevki i\u00e7in de yeterli gerek\u00e7e sa\u011flar.<\/span><\/p>\n

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