{"id":7637,"date":"2021-11-17T14:29:00","date_gmt":"2021-11-17T11:29:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/?p=7637"},"modified":"2021-11-17T14:29:00","modified_gmt":"2021-11-17T11:29:00","slug":"eskalasyon-turleri-is-sagligi-ve-guvenligi-tez-yaptirma-isg-is-sagligi-ve-guvenligi-tez-yaptirma-ucretleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/eskalasyon-turleri-is-sagligi-ve-guvenligi-tez-yaptirma-isg-is-sagligi-ve-guvenligi-tez-yaptirma-ucretleri\/","title":{"rendered":"Eskalasyon T\u00fcrleri \u2013 \u0130\u015f Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve G\u00fcvenli\u011fi Tez Yapt\u0131rma \u2013 \u0130SG \u2013 \u0130\u015f Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve G\u00fcvenli\u011fi Tez Yapt\u0131rma \u00dccretleri"},"content":{"rendered":"

S\u00fcre\u00e7 <\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u0130ki s\u00fcre\u00e7 hem zamana ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r hem de \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck i\u00e7in rekabet eder. Eskalasyon kontrol\u00fc galip getirirse, sadece kontrol edilmesi daha zor olan daha b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli bir acil duruma sahip olmakla kalmaz, ayn\u0131 zamanda acil durum m\u00fcdahale ekibi de daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir risk alt\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Olay \u00f6ncesi planlaman\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak, varsay\u0131lan acil durum senaryolar\u0131 yukar\u0131daki iki dinamik s\u00fcre\u00e7 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan analiz edilebiliyorsa, acil durum kontrol\u00fcn\u00fcn t\u0131rmanmay\u0131 kazanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in hem s\u00fcre\u00e7 g\u00fcvenli\u011fine hem de acil durum m\u00fcdahalesine gerekli \u00f6nlemler dahil edilebilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu yaz\u0131da, iki dinamik s\u00fcre\u00e7 g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilmi\u015ftir. Y\u00fckseltme s\u00fcresi, sonuca dayal\u0131 bir model ve mevcut literat\u00fcr\u00fcn g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilmesi kullan\u0131larak de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir. Acil durum m\u00fcdahale s\u0131ras\u0131, zaman s\u0131ras\u0131na dayal\u0131 olay a\u011fac\u0131 modelleri taraf\u0131ndan de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir. \u0130kisi birlikte, tasar\u0131m ve acil durum m\u00fcdahalesindeki baz\u0131 yetersizlikler hakk\u0131nda de\u011ferli bilgiler sa\u011flar.<\/span><\/p>\n

MODELLEME OLAYI Y\u00dcKSELTME<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Eskalasyon T\u00fcrleri<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130lk yang\u0131ndan iki t\u00fcr olay t\u0131rmanmas\u0131 meydana gelebilir:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

a) jet alev \u00e7arpmas\u0131<\/span>
\nb) havuz yang\u0131n\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n

Her durum i\u00e7in mekanizma ve eskalasyon zaman\u0131 farkl\u0131d\u0131r; jet alev \u00e7arpmas\u0131 ikisi aras\u0131nda daha ciddidir.<\/span>
\nBir geminin harici bir yang\u0131na maruz kalmas\u0131 veya \u00e7arpmas\u0131, sistemin fiziksel bile\u015fenleri aras\u0131ndaki etkile\u015fimi i\u00e7erir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Spesifik parametreler \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

yang\u0131n \u00f6zellikleri (alev boyutu, y\u00fczey yayma g\u00fcc\u00fc, yutma alan\u0131, alev s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131)<\/span>
\ndamar yap\u0131s\u0131 (boyutlar, duvar kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131)<\/span>
\nkap i\u00e7erikleri (s\u0131v\u0131 ve buhar\u0131n fiziksel ve termodinamik \u00f6zellikleri ve kap dolum seviyesi)<\/span>
\nhazne havaland\u0131rmalar\u0131 (bas\u0131n\u00e7 emniyet valfi (PSV) ve kapasite) proses, haznenin i\u00e7ine ve d\u0131\u015f\u0131na akar<\/span>
\n\u00e7evre (ortam ko\u015fullar\u0131, sabit su spreyleriyle termal radyasyonun azalt\u0131lmas\u0131).<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

De-eskalasyon<\/a> nedir<\/span>
\nde-eskalasyon tedavisi nedir<\/span>
\nEskalasyon<\/span>
\nDe-eskalasyon Nedir T\u0131p<\/span>
\nEskalasyon Nedir<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

Yang\u0131nla M\u00fccadele \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndan Elde Edilen Bulgular<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n

Yan\u0131c\u0131 envanter depolayan gemilerin yang\u0131na maruz kalmas\u0131 \u00fczerine bir dizi \u0131s\u0131nma modellemesi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ve deneyi yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu, ay\u0131rma mesafesi l\u00fcks\u00fcn\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve t\u0131kan\u0131kl\u0131k seviyesinin ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla yang\u0131n\u0131 sarma potansiyelinin y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131k deniz petrol ve gaz end\u00fcstrisinden kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Di\u011fer \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, harici alevlere maruz kalan s\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f yan\u0131c\u0131 gaz (LPG) i\u00e7eren gemilere odaklanmaktad\u0131r. Yang\u0131na maruz kalan LPG gemilerinin tepkisini tahmin etmek i\u00e7in mevcut modellerin hi\u00e7biri ideal de\u011fildir, ancak k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck gemilerle yap\u0131lan deneylere kar\u015f\u0131 do\u011frulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131ca, yang\u0131n etkisini azaltmada ve t\u0131rmanmay\u0131 \u00f6nlemede sabit su spreyinin etkinli\u011fi \u00fczerine deneyler yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c7e\u015fitli ara\u015ft\u0131rmalardan elde edilen bulgular a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da \u00f6zetlenmi\u015ftir:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

1. Tank duvar\u0131ndan s\u0131v\u0131ya konvektif \u0131s\u0131 transfer katsay\u0131s\u0131, \u00e7ekirdekli kaynama rejimindeki buhar i\u00e7in kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelen de\u011ferden daha b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr, bu da buhar yan duvar s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131v\u0131 ile temas halindeki bir y\u00fczeyin s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan daha h\u0131zl\u0131 y\u00fckselmesine neden olur.<\/span><\/p>\n

2. Harici alev \u00e7arpmas\u0131na maruz kalan bir kap i\u00e7in, PSV yoluyla ilk bo\u015faltma i\u00e7in ge\u00e7en s\u00fcre, gemi envanterinin bir fonksiyonudur. Seviye ne kadar y\u00fcksek olursa, mevcut buhar alan\u0131 daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck oldu\u011fundan ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla termal genle\u015fmeden kaynaklanan bas\u0131n\u00e7 art\u0131\u015f\u0131 daha h\u0131zl\u0131 oldu\u011fundan, tahliye o kadar erken ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir.<\/span><\/p>\n

3. Damar k\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in iki a\u015famal\u0131 bir k\u0131r\u0131lma mekanizmas\u0131 varsay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r – plastik deformasyon, bir kesme k\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan bir ilk \u00e7atla\u011fa yol a\u00e7ar. Ar\u0131za zaman\u0131n\u0131 tahmin etmek zordur, ancak 500-550\u00b0C duvar s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131 \u00f6nerilmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p>\n

4. Genellikle envanterinde 10 ciltten az olan LPG i\u00e7eren proses gemileri i\u00e7in ar\u0131za s\u00fcresi, geminin boyutuna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak 3 ila 10 dakika aras\u0131ndad\u0131r (KBR 2002).<\/span><\/p>\n

5. 10 L\/dak\/m2’lik tasar\u0131m su p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme yo\u011funlu\u011fu i\u00e7in \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131msal \u0131s\u0131 ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 %55 oran\u0131nda azalt\u0131labildi\u011finden, su p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtmeli so\u011futma havuz yang\u0131nlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 etkilidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

6. NFPA 15 (1996) gibi standartlar kullan\u0131larak teknenin tepesinden uygulanan 10 L\/dak\/m’lik geleneksel su spreyi, \u0131s\u0131 transferinin \u00e7o\u011funun radyasyon yerine konveksiyon yoluyla oldu\u011fu bir yang\u0131n sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 etkisizdir. Ayr\u0131ca, su filmi t\u0131kanm\u0131\u015f memeler b\u00f6lgesinde par\u00e7alan\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

7. \u00d6zellikle yang\u0131n \u00e7arpma alan\u0131na y\u00f6nlendirilen daha y\u00fcksek su bask\u0131n yo\u011funlu\u011fu (2 ila 3 kat geleneksel de\u011fer), gemiyi koruyacakt\u0131r. Bununla birlikte, uygulama tek tip olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in su p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme miktar\u0131, meme de\u015farj h\u0131z\u0131ndan ziyade y\u00fczeye fiilen uygulanan miktar olarak de\u011ferlendirilmelidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

8. Jet yang\u0131n sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in pasif yang\u0131n korumas\u0131 (PFP) geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir (Steel Construction Institute 1992a,b). Veriler, yeterli bir PFP sisteminin kaba \u0131s\u0131 transferini 10 kat azaltabilece\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir (HSE 1998).<\/span><\/p>\n

9. Hedef envanterin patlamak \u00fczere acil durumda bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesi, ar\u0131za s\u00fcresini uzat\u0131r ve baz\u0131 durumlarda ar\u0131zay\u0131 \u00f6nleyebilir. Genel olarak, API 521’e (1997) g\u00f6re tasarlanm\u0131\u015f bir bas\u0131n\u00e7 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrme sisteminin, NFPA 15’e (1996) g\u00f6re tasarlanm\u0131\u015f sabit su spreyleriyle bile BLEVE’yi \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in yetersiz oldu\u011fu g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. Gemi ar\u0131zalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 koruma sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bas\u0131n\u00e7 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrme oranlar\u0131 gerekli olacakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

10 NFPA 30 (2000) taraf\u0131ndan belirtilen ay\u0131rma mesafeleri ile tasarlanm\u0131\u015f atmosferik depolama tanklar\u0131 i\u00e7in, tank y\u00fczeyi yang\u0131nlar\u0131 ve set yang\u0131nlar\u0131 durumunda, alev direnci ve alev e\u011fimi, \u0131l\u0131ml\u0131 r\u00fczgar h\u0131zlar\u0131nda bile olay\u0131n y\u00fckselmesine neden olabilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

11. API 650’ye (1998) g\u00f6re tasarlanm\u0131\u015f ve bir set yang\u0131n\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan sar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir atmosferik depolama tank\u0131 i\u00e7in, \u00fcretilen buhar\u0131n havaland\u0131rma kapasitesini a\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gereken s\u00fcre 15 ila 30 dakika aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fir. Harici so\u011futma, ar\u0131za s\u00fcresini 10 dakika art\u0131r\u0131r. Bu, bir s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131dan kaynaklanan harici yang\u0131n\u0131n, aksi takdirde tank y\u00fczey yang\u0131n\u0131na t\u0131rmanabilece\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/span>
\nbu s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde k\u00f6p\u00fck battaniye sistemi kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yukar\u0131daki \u00f6zet, LPG i\u00e7eren k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 kap i\u00e7in ilk 5 dakika i\u00e7inde veya bir atmosferik depolama tank\u0131 i\u00e7in 15 dakika i\u00e7inde acil durum m\u00fcdahalesi yap\u0131lmad\u0131k\u00e7a, y\u00fckselme potansiyelinin y\u00fcksek oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n

AC\u0130L DURUM SENARYOLARI \u0130\u00c7\u0130N OLAY A\u011eACI ANAL\u0130Z\u0130<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Olay A\u011fac\u0131 Yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Olay a\u011fac\u0131 analizi, \u00e7e\u015fitli koruma \u00f6nlemlerinin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131 dikkate al\u0131narak, tek bir ba\u015flat\u0131c\u0131 acil durum olay\u0131n\u0131n, t\u0131rmanma potansiyeline ve t\u0131rmanma rotas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak \u00e7e\u015fitli sonu\u00e7lara yol a\u00e7abilece\u011fi durumlarda uygulan\u0131r. Olay a\u011fac\u0131 analizi, nedenden sonuca \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak, ba\u015flatan olaylar\u0131n nihai sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 incelemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan t\u00fcmevar\u0131msal bir ak\u0131l y\u00fcr\u00fctme tekni\u011fidir. Olay a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131, belirli bir ilk olaydan sonra bir senaryonun geli\u015febilece\u011fi alternatif yollar\u0131 g\u00f6steren mant\u0131k diyagramlar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

S\u00fcre\u00e7 \u0130ki s\u00fcre\u00e7 hem zamana ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r hem de \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck i\u00e7in rekabet eder. Eskalasyon kontrol\u00fc galip getirirse, sadece kontrol edilmesi daha zor olan daha b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli bir acil duruma sahip olmakla kalmaz, ayn\u0131 zamanda acil durum m\u00fcdahale ekibi de daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir risk alt\u0131ndad\u0131r. Olay \u00f6ncesi planlaman\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak, varsay\u0131lan acil durum senaryolar\u0131 yukar\u0131daki iki…
Devam\u0131<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":6832,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[16557,16555,16556,16554],"tags":[16558,16561,16559,16560,16562],"class_list":["post-7637","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-de-eskalasyon-nedir","category-de-eskalasyon-nedir-tip","category-eskalasyon","category-eskalasyon-nedir","tag-de-eskalasyon-nedir","tag-de-eskalasyon-nedir-tip","tag-de-eskalasyon-tedavisi-nedir","tag-eskalasyon","tag-eskalasyon-nedir"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t