{"id":7817,"date":"2021-12-04T15:01:31","date_gmt":"2021-12-04T12:01:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/?p=7817"},"modified":"2021-12-04T15:01:31","modified_gmt":"2021-12-04T12:01:31","slug":"hucre-kurutma-olaylari-is-sagligi-ve-guvenligi-tez-yaptirma-isg-is-sagligi-ve-guvenligi-tez-yaptirma-ucretleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/hucre-kurutma-olaylari-is-sagligi-ve-guvenligi-tez-yaptirma-isg-is-sagligi-ve-guvenligi-tez-yaptirma-ucretleri\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u00fccre Kurutma Olaylar\u0131 \u2013 \u0130\u015f Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve G\u00fcvenli\u011fi Tez Yapt\u0131rma \u2013 \u0130SG \u2013 \u0130\u015f Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve G\u00fcvenli\u011fi Tez Yapt\u0131rma \u00dccretleri"},"content":{"rendered":"

H\u00fccre Risk De\u011ferlendirmesine Uygulanan LOPA Stratejisi<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Proje ekibi, LOPA gibi bir risk de\u011ferlendirme arac\u0131n\u0131n, risk de\u011ferlendirmesi ve analizi i\u00e7in temel yap\u0131y\u0131 sa\u011flayabilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc. LOPA, hangi temel g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6zelliklerinin proje ekibi taraf\u0131ndan iyi tan\u0131mlanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 veya anla\u015f\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da belirleyebilir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu s\u00fcre\u00e7, ortak giri\u015fim anla\u015fmas\u0131ndan \u00f6nce bilgi \u00e7abalar\u0131na odaklanmaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/span>
\n\u00c7al\u0131\u015fmakta olan h\u00fccre say\u0131s\u0131 zamanla de\u011fi\u015fece\u011fi (artaca\u011f\u0131) i\u00e7in, tesisin mevcut riski gelecekte h\u00fccre operasyonlar\u0131ndaki art\u0131\u015ftan \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde etkilenebilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131ca, reaksiyon h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in h\u00fccreler aras\u0131ndaki voltaj seviyelerini art\u0131rarak bireysel h\u00fccre \u00fcretkenli\u011fini art\u0131rma arzusu da olacakt\u0131r. T\u00fcm bu fakt\u00f6rlerin operasyonel riski art\u0131rma potansiyeli vard\u0131. Bu nedenle, temel risk de\u011ferlendirmesi bireysel h\u00fccre baz\u0131ndad\u0131r. Bu \u015fekilde, verimlilik art\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve\/veya h\u00fccre say\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli se\u00e7eneklerin risk \u00fczerindeki etkileri de\u011ferlendirilebilir ve kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Proje ekibi, h\u00fccre \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n proses g\u00fcvenli\u011fi riskini tam olarak tan\u0131mlayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fckleri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki yedi tehlikeli olay\u0131 belirledi:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

1- H\u00fccre Kurutma Olaylar\u0131<\/span>
\n2- D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck Tepki Verilmeyen Besleme Olaylar\u0131n\u0131n Y\u00fcksek Konsantrasyonlar\u0131<\/span>
\n3-Katot Gaz Olaylar\u0131nda Y\u00fcksek \u00dcr\u00fcn Konsantrasyonlar\u0131<\/span>
\n4- Anot Gaz\u0131 Olaylar\u0131nda Y\u00fcksek H2 Konsantrasyonu<\/span>
\n5- H\u00fccre Olaylar\u0131nda A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 Reaktanlar<\/span>
\n6- Yemlerin Yak\u0131tlarla Kirlenmesi<\/span>
\n7- Havada Patlama Olaylar\u0131nda Hidrojen<\/span><\/p>\n

Yedi i\u015flemden h\u00fccre kurutma i\u015flemi (Senaryo 1), d\u00f6ng\u00fcsel yap\u0131s\u0131 nedeniyle en zor ba\u015flatma olay\u0131 tan\u0131mlama ve de\u011ferlendirmesini sundu. \u015eimdi, ba\u015flat\u0131c\u0131 olay\u0131n nas\u0131l tan\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in h\u00fccre kurutma i\u015flemi sunulmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u00fccre Kurutma Olaylar\u0131 -LOPA<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Sonu\u00e7lar:<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u00fccrede hidrojen ile yan\u0131c\u0131 konsantrasyonlar olu\u015fturan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck reaksiyonlu \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin y\u00fcksek seviyeleri potansiyeli. Ate\u015fleme potansiyeli y\u00fcksek olarak kabul edilir (1.0). H\u00fccre i\u00e7inde tutu\u015fma, h\u00fccrenin a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bas\u0131nc\u0131na ve y\u0131rt\u0131lmas\u0131na neden olarak yang\u0131na ve toksik h\u00fccre i\u00e7eri\u011finin serbest kalmas\u0131na neden olur.<\/span><\/p>\n

Senaryo A\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ortalama olarak, her h\u00fccrenin elektrolit sol\u00fcsyonu alt\u0131 ayda bir de\u011fi\u015ftirilir. H\u00fccreyi ba\u015flatmadan \u00f6nce, h\u00fccredeki fazla suyu atmak i\u00e7in bir “kurutma” d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc gereklidir. Su h\u00fccreye iki \u015fekilde girebilir: ilk olarak, su h\u00fccreye taze elektrolit \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak girer; ve ikincisi, \u00e7\u00f6zelti, h\u00fccre devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve atmosfere a\u00e7\u0131kken atmosferdeki suyu emecektir. H\u00fccrenin kurutulmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda, h\u00fccreye iletilen elektrik enerjisi, elektrolit \u00e7\u00f6zeltisindeki fazla suyu uzakla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in ayarlan\u0131r. Amper \u00e7ok y\u00fcksekse, h\u00fccre tehlikeli seviyelerde reaktif \u00fcr\u00fcnler \u00fcretecektir.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

End\u00fcstriyel meyve<\/a> KURUTMA y\u00f6ntemleri<\/span>
\nKurutma Teknolojisi PDF<\/span>
\nG\u0131da kurutma y\u00f6ntemleri<\/span>
\nKurutma deneyi Raporu<\/span>
\nKurutma y\u00f6ntemleri<\/span>
\nG\u0131da kurutma y\u00f6ntemleri PDF<\/span>
\nYapay kurutma y\u00f6ntemleri<\/span>
\nKurutma h\u0131z\u0131 hesab\u0131<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

Ba\u015flatan Etkinlik:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu senaryo i\u00e7in, h\u00fccrede a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ampere neden olmak i\u00e7in iki ba\u015flatma olay\u0131 tan\u0131mland\u0131. Bunun i\u00e7in iki neden-sonu\u00e7 \u00e7ifti gerekir ve bunlar la ve 1b olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131r. Olay la, operat\u00f6r taraf\u0131ndan h\u00fccrede yanl\u0131\u015f amper (y\u00fcksek) ayarland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ba\u015flat\u0131lan h\u00fccre kurutmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda y\u00fcksek amperdir. Olay lb, h\u00fccre voltaj\u0131 kontrol sisteminin ar\u0131zalanmas\u0131ndan kaynaklanan h\u00fccre kurutmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda y\u00fcksek amperdir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Neden-Sonu\u00e7 \u00c7ifti 1a:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ba\u015flatan y\u00fcksek amper olay\u0131, h\u00fccre kurutma i\u015flemi s\u0131ras\u0131nda operat\u00f6r\u00fcn h\u00fccreye yanl\u0131\u015f voltaj ayarlamas\u0131n\u0131n sonucudur. LOPA’da, yan\u0131t vermek i\u00e7in makul bir s\u00fcreye sahip bir acil duruma acil yan\u0131t i\u00e7in normal varsay\u0131lan operat\u00f6r hatas\u0131 0,1 ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131k oran\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130yi yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f i\u015fletim prosed\u00fcrlerinin ve iyi kurulmu\u015f bir i\u015f d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc kontrolleri program\u0131 ile e\u011fitimin varsay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu normal i\u015flem i\u00e7in, f\u0131rsat ba\u015f\u0131na 0,01 ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131k oran\u0131 varsay\u0131l\u0131r. Bu nedenle, h\u00fccre ba\u015f\u0131na ba\u015flat\u0131c\u0131 olay frekans\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle olur:<\/span><\/p>\n

2 h\u00fccre kurutma olay\u0131\/h\u00fccre\/y\u0131l X 0,01 hata\/h\u00fccre kurutma olay\u0131 = 0,02 hata\/h\u00fccre\/y\u0131l<\/span><\/p>\n

Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Koruma Katmanlar\u0131 1a:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

H\u00fccrenin kurutulmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda bu olay i\u00e7in tan\u0131mlanan tek IPL, h\u00fccre y\u0131rt\u0131lma diskidir. Bu i\u015flem i\u00e7in uygun bak\u0131m ve de\u011fi\u015ftirme ile birlikte uygun tasar\u0131m ve boyutland\u0131rma varsay\u0131l\u0131r. LOPA’da, bir patlama diski sisteminin PFD’si 0,01’dir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hesaplama ve Sonu\u00e7lar 1a:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ek 1, bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada kullan\u0131lan LOPA \u00d6zet ve Hesaplama tablosudur. Sonu\u00e7lar, y\u0131lda 0,0002 veya her 5.000 y\u0131lda bir olay s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Bu sonu\u00e7 ayn\u0131 zamanda Senaryo la’daki Tablo 1’de de g\u00f6sterilmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Neden-Sonu\u00e7 \u00c7ifti 1b:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ba\u015flatan y\u00fcksek voltaj olay\u0131, voltaj kontrol sisteminin (temel proses kontrol sistemi) ar\u0131zalanmas\u0131n\u0131n sonucudur. LOPA’da, tipik bir BPCS ar\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131n her on y\u0131lda bir veya y\u0131lda 0,1 ar\u0131za meydana geldi\u011fi varsay\u0131l\u0131r. Ancak voltaj kontrol sistemi s\u00fcrekli h\u00fccre kurutma modunda de\u011fildir. Bu nedenle, ar\u0131za oran\u0131, voltaj kontrol sisteminin h\u00fccre kurutma modunda oldu\u011fu y\u0131ll\u0131k zaman dilimini yans\u0131tacak \u015fekilde de\u011fi\u015ftirilecektir. H\u00fccre kurutma i\u015flemi 2 g\u00fcn s\u00fcrer. Voltaj kontrol ar\u0131zas\u0131 nedeniyle y\u00fcksek voltaj i\u00e7in ba\u015flatma olay\u0131 \u015fu \u015fekilde hesaplan\u0131r:<\/span><\/p>\n

2 h\u00fccre kurutma olay\u0131\/h\u00fccre\/y\u0131l X Y\u0131lda [1\/365 g\u00fcn 1 X 2 g\u00fcn\/y\u0131l (kurutma d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc) X 0.1 hata\/y\u0131l (BPCS hata oran\u0131) = 0.0011 hata y\u0131l\u0131<\/span><\/p>\n

Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Koruma Katmanlar\u0131 1b:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

H\u00fccrenin kurutulmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda bu olay i\u00e7in tan\u0131mlanan tek IPL, h\u00fccre y\u0131rt\u0131lma diskidir. Bu i\u015flem i\u00e7in uygun bak\u0131m ve de\u011fi\u015ftirme ile birlikte uygun tasar\u0131m ve boyutland\u0131rma varsay\u0131l\u0131r. LOPA’da, bir patlama diski sisteminin PFD’si 0,01’dir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hesaplama ve Sonu\u00e7lar 1b:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ek 2, bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada kullan\u0131lan LOPA \u00d6zet ve Hesaplama tablosudur. Sonu\u00e7lar, 0,00001l\/y\u0131l veya her 90.900 y\u0131lda bir olay s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Bu sonu\u00e7 ayr\u0131ca Tablo 1’de Senaryo lb’de g\u00f6sterilmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u00fccre Kurutma Olaylar\u0131n\u0131n Toplam Etkisi:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

H\u00fccrenin kurutulmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda h\u00fccre a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131n ve muhafaza kayb\u0131 olaylar\u0131n\u0131n toplam frekans\u0131, la ve lb olaylar\u0131n\u0131n frekanslar\u0131n\u0131n toplam\u0131d\u0131r:<\/span><\/p>\n

Toplam h\u00fccre kurutma a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bas\u0131n\u00e7 olay frekans\u0131 = la + lb = 0.0002\/y\u0131l + 0.00001l\/y\u0131l = 0.00021l\/y\u0131l veya her 4.740 y\u0131lda bir.<\/span><\/p>\n

22 h\u00fccreli bir i\u015flem i\u00e7in istenmeyen h\u00fccre kurutma olaylar\u0131n\u0131n toplam frekans\u0131 \u015fu \u015fekilde hesaplan\u0131r:<\/span><\/p>\n

22 h\u00fccre operasyonda X 0.000211 a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bas\u0131n\u00e7 olay\u0131\/y\u0131ll\u0131k = 0.004642 a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bas\u0131n\u00e7 olay\u0131 y\u0131l veya her 215 y\u0131lda bir.<\/span><\/p>\n

LOPA de\u011ferlendirmesinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 Tablo’da g\u00f6sterilmektedir. Senaryo hesaplamas\u0131n\u0131 ve IPL \u00f6zetini tablo haline getirmek i\u00e7in tipik LOPA \u00f6zet sayfalar\u0131 kullan\u0131ld\u0131. l a ve l b olaylar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6zet Ek 1’de g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p>\n

2, 4a, 6c vb. gibi eksik senaryolar oldu\u011funa dikkat edin. Bunlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 ak\u0131\u015f ay\u0131rma s\u00fcrecinin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendirme i\u00e7in belirlenmi\u015ftir; ve baz\u0131lar\u0131 LOPA’da ba\u015flat\u0131c\u0131 olay\u0131 do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde tan\u0131mlamak i\u00e7in gerekli minimum anlay\u0131\u015f d\u00fczeyine sahip de\u011fildi.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

H\u00fccre Risk De\u011ferlendirmesine Uygulanan LOPA Stratejisi Proje ekibi, LOPA gibi bir risk de\u011ferlendirme arac\u0131n\u0131n, risk de\u011ferlendirmesi ve analizi i\u00e7in temel yap\u0131y\u0131 sa\u011flayabilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc. LOPA, hangi temel g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6zelliklerinin proje ekibi taraf\u0131ndan iyi tan\u0131mlanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 veya anla\u015f\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da belirleyebilir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu s\u00fcre\u00e7, ortak giri\u015fim anla\u015fmas\u0131ndan \u00f6nce bilgi \u00e7abalar\u0131na odaklanmaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmakta olan h\u00fccre say\u0131s\u0131 zamanla de\u011fi\u015fece\u011fi…
Devam\u0131<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":6979,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[16946,16948,16947,16945],"tags":[13065,16950,16953,16951,16955,16949,16952,16954],"class_list":["post-7817","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gida-kurutma-yontemleri","category-gida-kurutma-yontemleri-pdf","category-kurutma-deneyi-raporu","category-kurutma-teknolojisi-pdf","tag-endustriyel-meyve-kurutma-yontemleri","tag-gida-kurutma-yontemleri","tag-gida-kurutma-yontemleri-pdf","tag-kurutma-deneyi-raporu","tag-kurutma-hizi-hesabi","tag-kurutma-teknolojisi-pdf","tag-kurutma-yontemleri","tag-yapay-kurutma-yontemleri"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t