{"id":8262,"date":"2021-12-28T11:08:06","date_gmt":"2021-12-28T08:08:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/?p=8262"},"modified":"2021-12-28T11:08:06","modified_gmt":"2021-12-28T08:08:06","slug":"yuksek-sicakliklar-ve-tehlikeli-kosullar-is-sagligi-ve-guvenligi-tez-yaptirma-isg-is-sagligi-ve-guvenligi-tez-yaptirma-ucretleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/yuksek-sicakliklar-ve-tehlikeli-kosullar-is-sagligi-ve-guvenligi-tez-yaptirma-isg-is-sagligi-ve-guvenligi-tez-yaptirma-ucretleri\/","title":{"rendered":"Y\u00fcksek S\u0131cakl\u0131klar ve Tehlikeli Ko\u015fullar \u2013 \u0130\u015f Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve G\u00fcvenli\u011fi Tez Yapt\u0131rma \u2013 \u0130SG \u2013 \u0130\u015f Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve G\u00fcvenli\u011fi Tez Yapt\u0131rma \u00dccretleri"},"content":{"rendered":"

Yasalar\u0131n Yeniden \u0130ncelenmesi<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u015eu \u00f6rnek problemi ele alal\u0131m: Sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta hareketli bir pistona sahip bir kapta bulunan bir gaz \u00f6rne\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn. Kab\u0131n hacmi 1,0 L iken gaz\u0131n bas\u0131nc\u0131 1,2 atm ise, kap piston taraf\u0131ndan 0,50 L’ye s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lsayd\u0131 gaz\u0131n bas\u0131nc\u0131 ne olurdu?<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu problemde, ilk bas\u0131nc\u0131 ve hacmi biliyorsunuz. Odan\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmiyorsun. Ayr\u0131ca kaptaki gaz\u0131n miktar\u0131n\u0131 da bilmiyorsunuz ama bunun bir \u00f6nemi yok. Kaptaki gaz\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve miktar\u0131n\u0131n sabit oldu\u011funu biliyorsunuz. \u0130deal gaz yasas\u0131ndan ba\u015flayarak, de\u011fi\u015febilecek t\u00fcm de\u011fi\u015fkenlerden t\u00fcm sabitleri cebirsel olarak izole ederseniz, ideal gaz yasas\u0131nda yer alan herhangi iki de\u011fi\u015fken aras\u0131ndaki uygun ili\u015fkiyi t\u00fcretebilirsiniz. Bu \u00f6rnekte, bask\u0131 ile bas\u0131n\u00e7 aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiyle ilgileniyorsunuz.<\/span><\/p>\n

Charles Yasas\u0131 Yeniden \u0130ncelendi<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Charles Yasas\u0131n\u0131n gaz hacmini s\u0131cakl\u0131kla ili\u015fkilendirdi\u011fini hat\u0131rlay\u0131n. \u0130deal gaz denklemini, de\u011fi\u015fen de\u011fi\u015fkenler bir tarafta ve sabitler di\u011fer tarafta olacak \u015fekilde yeniden d\u00fczenleyerek, her \u015fey sabitken, hacmi s\u0131cakl\u0131kla ili\u015fkilendiren kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131 bir denklem t\u00fcretebilirsiniz. \u00d6rneklemek i\u00e7in bir problem yapal\u0131m.<\/span><\/p>\n

22\u00b0C’de tutulan parti ma\u011fazas\u0131ndan bir balon sat\u0131n ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda balonun hacmi 6,0 L’dir. 10\u00b0C’de so\u011fuk bir g\u00fcnde d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda balonun hacmi nedir?<\/span>
\nBu problemde, gaz\u0131n mol say\u0131s\u0131 sabit olacak \u015fekilde balondan gaz \u00e7\u0131kmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 varsayacaks\u0131n\u0131z. Ayr\u0131ca i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f bas\u0131n\u00e7lar\u0131n ayn\u0131 oldu\u011funu varsayacaks\u0131n\u0131z, bu da sabittir. \u0130deal gaz yasas\u0131nda denklemin bir taraf\u0131nda as\u0131l\u0131 olan de\u011fi\u015fkeni, di\u011fer taraf\u0131nda sabit olan t\u00fcm de\u011ferleri koyarak hacim ve s\u0131cakl\u0131k aras\u0131nda bir ili\u015fki t\u00fcretebilirsiniz.<\/span><\/p>\n

Y\u00fcksek S\u0131cakl\u0131klar ve Tehlikeli Ko\u015fullar<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Yan\u0131c\u0131 bir gaz, yan\u0131c\u0131 s\u0131v\u0131 veya buhar veya yan\u0131c\u0131 s\u0131v\u0131 y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klara maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda iki tehlikeli durum mevcut olabilir. \u00a0Bu s\u0131cakl\u0131k, g\u00fcne\u015f y\u00fck\u00fc kadar basit ve yang\u0131n \u00e7arpmas\u0131 kadar dinamik olabilir. Bunlara \u015funlar denir:<\/span><\/p>\n

1. UVCE: S\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z buhar bulutu patlamas\u0131<\/span>
\n2. BLEVE: Kaynayan s\u0131v\u0131 geni\u015fleyen buhar patlamas\u0131<\/span><\/p>\n

UVCE ile, kab\u0131ndan yan\u0131c\u0131 bir gaz veya buhar s\u0131zar veya ba\u015fka bir \u015fekilde \u00e7evreye sal\u0131n\u0131r. Olu\u015fan bulut, zengin ve zay\u0131f konsantrasyon alanlar\u0131na sahipken, birka\u00e7 alan uygun hava-yak\u0131t oran\u0131na sahiptir. Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m bir tutu\u015fturma kayna\u011f\u0131 buldu\u011funda, h\u0131zlanan bir parlama, bir patlama dalgas\u0131 ve alev cephesine yol a\u00e7ar. Bu patlamalarda, kap i\u00e7inde herhangi bir yak\u0131t kal\u0131rsa, alev geri teperek kab\u0131n i\u00e7ine yanarak ba\u015fka bir patlamaya ve\/veya alev cephesine neden olabilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

BLEVE ile, meydana gelmesinin iki yolu vard\u0131r. Birincisi, organik peroksit gibi bir kimyasal\u0131n, i\u00e7 kimyasal reaksiyonlar ve s\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015flar\u0131 nedeniyle inhibit\u00f6r\u00fc kaybetmesidir. \u0130kincisi, yine i\u00e7 bas\u0131nc\u0131n artmas\u0131na neden olabilen, tank \u00fczerindeki \u0131s\u0131 transferi veya \u00e7arpmad\u0131r. Her durumda, patlama, mekanik muhafazan\u0131n ar\u0131zalanmas\u0131na neden olan kap \u00fczerindeki bas\u0131nc\u0131n bir sonucudur.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu durumlar\u0131n her birinde, gaz yasalar\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi\u011fini g\u00f6rebilirsiniz. Kimyasal olarak ind\u00fcklenen patlama ile, kap i\u00e7inde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen reaksiyon yoluyla bas\u0131n\u00e7 artar, bu da bas\u0131nc\u0131n artmas\u0131na ve feci bir ar\u0131zaya neden olur. Konteyner \u00fczerindeki s\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015f\u0131 ile yine s\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 bas\u0131nc\u0131n artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyorsunuz. Her iki durumda da denklemin s\u0131cakl\u0131k taraf\u0131n\u0131n bas\u0131n\u00e7ta bir art\u0131\u015fa neden oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcyorsunuz.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\u0130\u015f Kanunu<\/a> \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/span>
\nOturarak zihinsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan ortam s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ka\u00e7 derece olmas\u0131 gerekir<\/span>
\nY\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n sebep oldu\u011fu rahats\u0131zl\u0131klar<\/span>
\nEfektif s\u0131cakl\u0131k nedir<\/span>
\ni\u015fyeri ortam\u0131ndaki hava ak\u0131m h\u0131z\u0131 ka\u00e7 m\/ sn olmal\u0131d\u0131r<\/span>
\nHissedilen s\u0131cakl\u0131k hesaplama<\/span>
\nMetabolik \u0131s\u0131 Nedir<\/span>
\nHava ak\u0131m h\u0131z\u0131 ne ile \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

Kombine Gaz Yasas\u0131<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Bazen tek sabit gaz\u0131n mol say\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. Bir gaz numunesi i\u00e7in \u00fc\u00e7 ko\u015fulun t\u00fcm\u00fc (s\u0131cakl\u0131k, bas\u0131n\u00e7 ve hacim) de\u011fi\u015fse bile, yine de bu de\u011fi\u015fkenler aras\u0131nda yararl\u0131 bir ili\u015fki elde edebilirsiniz. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u00f6rne\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn.<\/span><\/p>\n

Felix Baumgartner’\u0131n (RedBull 13,5 millik y\u00fcksek stratosfer atlama) deniz seviyesinden 120.000 fit y\u00fckseklikten inerken hava dolu bir balon tuttu\u011funu hayal edin. S\u0131\u00e7ray\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda balonunun hacmi 2.0 L idi. 120.000 fitteki s\u0131cakl\u0131k -56\u00b0C ve atmosfer bas\u0131nc\u0131 0.10 atm idi. S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n 21\u00b0C ve bas\u0131nc\u0131n 1.0 atm oldu\u011fu s\u0131\u00e7raman\u0131n alt\u0131ndaki balonun hacmi ne olurdu?<\/span><\/p>\n

Birden \u00e7ok de\u011fi\u015fken ayn\u0131 anda de\u011fi\u015fse de, bu soruna yine de \u00f6nceki problemlerde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z gibi, de\u011fi\u015fen de\u011fi\u015fkenleri de\u011fi\u015fmeyenlerden ay\u0131rarak yakla\u015fabilirsiniz. Bu problemde sadece gaz\u0131n mol say\u0131s\u0131 sabit kal\u0131r. Di\u011fer her \u015fey (bas\u0131n\u00e7, s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve hacim) de\u011fi\u015fir. De\u011fi\u015fmeyen de\u011fi\u015fkenlerden de\u011fi\u015fen de\u011fi\u015fkenleri ay\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda, elde edersiniz.<\/span><\/p>\n

Molar K\u00fctleler ve Gaz Yo\u011funluklar\u0131 ve Molek\u00fcler H\u0131zlar<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

B\u00f6l\u00fcm 1, Uygulamal\u0131 Sahne Kimyas\u0131’ndan, bile\u015fikte bulunan t\u00fcm atomlar\u0131n atom a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 toplayarak bir molek\u00fcl\u00fcn k\u00fctlesini amu veya gram\/mol cinsinden hesaplayabilece\u011finizi hat\u0131rlay\u0131n. Gaz yo\u011funlu\u011fu, ilk m\u00fcdahale edenin anlamas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir \u00f6zelliktir.<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u00f6rt gaz sayac\u0131yla bir sahneyi analiz ederken, bir tehlikeli madde teknisyeni olay yerinde potansiyel olarak tehlikeli gazlar\u0131n olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmek i\u00e7in tipik olarak ayaklar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131ndan, ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131ndan ve ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinden numune al\u0131r. Teknisyenin bir gaz\u0131n havaya g\u00f6re nas\u0131l davranaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlayabilmesi i\u00e7in, ilk m\u00fcdahale g\u00f6revlisinin gaz yo\u011funluklar\u0131n\u0131n molar k\u00fctle ile nas\u0131l ili\u015fkili oldu\u011funu anlamas\u0131 \u00f6nemlidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Gaz yo\u011funluklar\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131k, bas\u0131n\u00e7 ve molar k\u00fctle ile ili\u015fkilidir. \u0130deal gaz denklemiyle ba\u015flay\u0131p bunu birim hacimdeki mol olarak \u00e7\u00f6zerek ve ard\u0131ndan bu denklemin her iki taraf\u0131n\u0131 molar k\u00fctle ile \u00e7arparak gaz yo\u011funlu\u011funu (k\u00fctle\/hacim) s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve bas\u0131n\u00e7la ili\u015fkilendiren bir ili\u015fki t\u00fcretebilirsiniz.<\/span><\/p>\n

Molar k\u00fctlelerin birimleri gram\/mol oldu\u011fundan, bu denklemin sol taraf\u0131nda moller birbirini g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcr, bu nedenle gaz yo\u011funluklar\u0131n\u0131 bas\u0131n\u00e7, s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve molar k\u00fctle ile ili\u015fkilendiren bir ili\u015fki t\u00fcretilir. Bu durumda gazlar\u0131n yo\u011funluklar\u0131 gram\/litre cinsindendir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc R i\u00e7in tipik olarak kullan\u0131lan de\u011fer, hacmin litre olarak verildi\u011fi 0.08206 L-atm\/mol-K’dir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu denklemi analiz ederek, gaz yo\u011funluklar\u0131n\u0131n bas\u0131n\u00e7 ve molar k\u00fctle ile do\u011fru orant\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rebilirsiniz. Gaz yo\u011funluklar\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131kla ters orant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yukar\u0131daki denklemden, havan\u0131n ortalama mol k\u00fctlesinin 29 g\/mol oldu\u011funu \u00f6\u011frendiniz. Bu bilgiyle, s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131 yapan bir gaz\u0131n havaya g\u00f6re bataca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 veya y\u00fczece\u011fini belirlemek kolayd\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131 yapan bir amonyak silindiri olan bir olay yerine \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131ld\u0131ysan\u0131z, nerede numune alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131za karar vermek i\u00e7in sadece amonya\u011f\u0131n molar k\u00fctlesini, NH3’\u00fc g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurman\u0131z gerekir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Amonyak form\u00fcl\u00fc NH3 oldu\u011fundan, molar k\u00fctle, her birinin molar k\u00fctlesi 1 g\/mol olan bir nitrojen atomu, 17 g\/mol ve 3 hidrojen atomunun k\u00fctlesidir. Molar k\u00fctle 17 g\/mol oldu\u011funda, amonya\u011f\u0131n havaya g\u00f6re y\u00fczmesini beklersiniz. \u00d6te yandan, molar k\u00fctlesi 71 g\/mol olan klor gaz\u0131, Cl2 batar.<\/span><\/p>\n

Anahtar parametre, s\u00fcr\u00fcm h\u0131z\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. H\u0131zl\u0131 bir y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7 tahliyesi, yo\u011funlu\u011fu art\u0131rarak gaz\u0131 so\u011futur. Ayr\u0131ca, gaz suda y\u00fcksek oranda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrse, a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 artabilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, nemli bir ortamda b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarda NH3 sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131 h\u0131zla havadan a\u011f\u0131r olan amonyum hidroksit NH4OH’yi olu\u015fturacakt\u0131r. Bir sal\u0131vermede, NH3 su ile hidrolize olur ve havadan daha a\u011f\u0131r hale gelirken yukar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kacak ve daha sonra yer seviyesine inecektir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Gaz molar k\u00fctlesini dikkate alman\u0131n ek bir nedeni, bir gaz\u0131n di\u011fer gazlara k\u0131yasla ba\u011f\u0131l molek\u00fcler h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 belirlemektir. Genel olarak, bir molek\u00fcl\u00fcn h\u0131z\u0131, molar k\u00fctlesi ile ters orant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Bir molek\u00fcl ne kadar a\u011f\u0131rsa, o kadar yava\u015f hareket eder. Asl\u0131nda, bir gaz molek\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fcn molar k\u00fctlesine g\u00f6re en olas\u0131 h\u0131z\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki denklemde g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Yasalar\u0131n Yeniden \u0130ncelenmesi \u015eu \u00f6rnek problemi ele alal\u0131m: Sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131kta hareketli bir pistona sahip bir kapta bulunan bir gaz \u00f6rne\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn. Kab\u0131n hacmi 1,0 L iken gaz\u0131n bas\u0131nc\u0131 1,2 atm ise, kap piston taraf\u0131ndan 0,50 L’ye s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lsayd\u0131 gaz\u0131n bas\u0131nc\u0131 ne olurdu? Bu problemde, ilk bas\u0131nc\u0131 ve hacmi biliyorsunuz. Odan\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmiyorsun. Ayr\u0131ca kaptaki gaz\u0131n miktar\u0131n\u0131…
Devam\u0131<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":7653,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[17938,17940,17939],"tags":[17944,17948,17946,17941,17945,17947,17942,17943],"class_list":["post-8262","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-is-kanunu-calisma-ortami-sicakligi","category-isyeri-ortamindaki-hava-akim-hizi-kac-m-sn-olmalidir","category-oturarak-zihinsel-calisilan-ortam-sicakliginin-kac-derece-olmasi-gerekir","tag-efektif-sicaklik-nedir","tag-hava-akim-hizi-ne-ile-olculur","tag-hissedilen-sicaklik-hesaplama","tag-is-kanunu-calisma-ortami-sicakligi","tag-isyeri-ortamindaki-hava-akim-hizi-kac-m-sn-olmalidir","tag-metabolik-isi-nedir","tag-oturarak-zihinsel-calisilan-ortam-sicakliginin-kac-derece-olmasi-gerekir","tag-yuksek-sicakligin-sebep-oldugu-rahatsizliklar"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t