{"id":9445,"date":"2022-03-29T11:04:34","date_gmt":"2022-03-29T08:04:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/?p=9445"},"modified":"2022-03-29T11:04:34","modified_gmt":"2022-03-29T08:04:34","slug":"sosyalist-gorus-edebiyat-alaninda-tez-yaptirma-edebiyat-tez-yaptirma-ucretleri-edebiyat-odevleri-edebiyat-odev-ucretleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/sosyalist-gorus-edebiyat-alaninda-tez-yaptirma-edebiyat-tez-yaptirma-ucretleri-edebiyat-odevleri-edebiyat-odev-ucretleri\/","title":{"rendered":"Sosyalist G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f \u2013 Edebiyat Alan\u0131nda Tez Yapt\u0131rma \u2013 Edebiyat Tez Yapt\u0131rma \u00dccretleri \u2013 Edebiyat \u00d6devleri \u2013 Edebiyat \u00d6dev \u00dccretleri"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sosyalist G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f <\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Haftal\u0131k kuru\u015flarla tefrika edilen son derece uzun hikaye boyunca, “belgesel” boyut, erdemli Richard ve onun vicdans\u0131z kapitalist karde\u015fi Eugene aras\u0131ndaki melodramatik sunumla artan bir m\u00fccadeleye kar\u015f\u0131 kurulur.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130kincisi, sonunda Frans\u0131z u\u015fa\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr ve Richard’\u0131 bir \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 olarak Avrupa’ya do\u011fru yola \u00e7\u0131kar. Reynolds, t\u00fcm \u00c7artist sempatilerine ra\u011fmen, proletaryadan \u00e7ok az liderlik \u00fcmidi sunuyor ve Londra’n\u0131n Gizemleri i\u00e7in talep edilen 40.000 tiraj, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerinin bir\u00e7ok i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 okuyucusu taraf\u0131ndan kabul edilebilir oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor.<\/span><\/p>\n

Reynolds hayvanla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir yoksulu canland\u0131rd\u0131ysa, Elizabeth Gaskell’in kurgusu, Manchester i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin ya\u015fam\u0131na ili\u015fkin sempatik kavray\u0131\u015flar\u0131yla ay\u0131rt edilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mary Barton’\u0131n (1848) a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri, s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve alg\u0131lama do\u011frulu\u011fu bak\u0131m\u0131ndan rakipsizdir. Ancak burada bile, toplumsal duruma ili\u015fkin nesnel bir a\u00e7\u0131klamay\u0131 analiz ve de\u011ferlendirmeyle uzla\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bask\u0131lar anlat\u0131y\u0131 b\u00f6ler. Bir de\u011firmen sahibinin o\u011flunun hayata k\u00fcsm\u00fc\u015f bir i\u015f\u00e7i taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde Thomas Ashton’\u0131n Woodley’de de\u011firmen ustalar\u0131 Joseph Mosley ve James Garside taraf\u0131ndan k\u00f6t\u00fc \u015f\u00f6hretli cinayetine dayanmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yine de cinayet 1831’de ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015fti ve o zaman bile tipik de\u011fildi: 1840’larda e\u015f zamanl\u0131 olarak bir roman setinin merkezine yerle\u015ftirerek, Gaskell dram\u0131 nesnellik pahas\u0131na y\u00fckseltiyordu ve \u00c7artizm, Kom\u00fcnizm ve sendikac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir cinayet olarak kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yordu.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

De\u011fi\u015fen anlat\u0131 bi\u00e7imlerinin i\u015faret etti\u011fi gibi, yazar tutumlar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fmesi yukar\u0131da fark edilmi\u015ftir ve roman\u0131n \u00e7ifte kapan\u0131\u015f\u0131, erken d\u00f6nem kavray\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fundan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131r. \u00d6lmekte olan John Barton’\u0131, \u0130sa’ya benzer bir tablo i\u00e7inde, kurban\u0131n\u0131n babas\u0131yla bar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sunar; ve son olarak, deniza\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir \u00fclkede evli Mary, Jem ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7en bir yaz sahnesidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Gaskell’in m\u00fcteakip roman\u0131 Kuzey ve G\u00fcney (1854\u20135), g\u00fcneyin (Helstone), Manchester’\u0131n ve k\u0131saca ticari Londra’n\u0131n dikkatle karakterize edilmi\u015f \u00fc\u00e7 d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 yan yana getirir. G\u00fcneyli Margaret Hale ve fabrika sahibi Henry Thornton aras\u0131ndaki zorlu romantizm, s\u0131n\u0131fsal ve b\u00f6lgesel farkl\u0131l\u0131klara kurgusal bir bi\u00e7im verir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lokavt\u0131n neden oldu\u011fu kriz, Margaret kalabal\u0131\u011f\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p Thornton’a y\u00f6nelik bir f\u00fcze ald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda melodramda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcl\u00fcr ve nihai evlilikleri, fabrika sahibi ile i\u015f\u00e7iler aras\u0131nda artan bir i\u015fbirli\u011fi ile paralel olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. Bir\u00e7ok y\u00f6nden daha ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 ve mant\u0131kl\u0131 bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131r, ancak Mary Barton’\u0131n taze dolays\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan yoksundur.<\/span><\/p>\n

K\u0131rkl\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n sonunda Faydac\u0131l\u0131k \u00fczerine tart\u0131\u015fmalar yerini Evanjelizm, Oxford Hareketi ve evrim teorileri taraf\u0131ndan uyand\u0131r\u0131lan dini tart\u0131\u015fmalara b\u0131rak\u0131yordu. Charles Kingsley’nin co\u015fkulu Mayas\u0131 (1851, ancak ilk kez 1848’de seri bi\u00e7imde yay\u0131nland\u0131), b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde, aray\u0131\u015f i\u00e7indeki orta s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131 temsil eden zengin bir t\u00fcccar olan Lancelot Smith ile bir dizi muhatap, \u00f6zellikle Cornish avc\u0131s\u0131 ve eski madenci Tregarva aras\u0131ndaki diyaloglardan olu\u015fur. Uzun s\u00f6ylev, Lancelot’un Evanjelik Anglikanizmin “kasl\u0131 H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131”n\u0131n ilkeleri arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla \u0130ngiltere’nin yenilenmesi i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131na dair mistik bir ima ile sona eriyor.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

Sosyalizm<\/a> \u00f6zellikleri<\/span>
\nLiberalizm ve sosyalizm<\/span>
\nSosyalizm ve kom\u00fcnizm aras\u0131ndaki farklar<\/span>
\nSosyalizm kurucusu<\/span>
\nKom\u00fcnizm Nedir<\/span>
\nSosyalist \u00fclkeler<\/span>
\nKom\u00fcnizm<\/span>
\nSosyalist devlet<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

Kingsley’in teorileri, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 \u015fairleri Thomas Cooper ve William Lovett’in hayatlar\u0131na dayanan ve Londra’n\u0131n do\u011fusundaki ter at\u00f6lyelerinin korkun\u00e7 ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131karan Alton Locke’ta (1850) ete kemi\u011fe b\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcr. Bunlar, Locke’u, isyan etti\u011fi, hapsedildi\u011fi ve \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre \u00f6nce H\u0131ristiyan Sosyalizmine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00c7artizm’e \u00e7evirir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu aral\u0131kl\u0131 olarak g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, yeni bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 gazetecilik tarz\u0131n\u0131 yans\u0131tan ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir belge i\u00e7erir. Bu, \u00f6zellikle Henry Mayhew taraf\u0131ndan \u015fekillendiriliyordu ve London Labour and the London Poor’da (1860) doruk noktas\u0131na ula\u015facakt\u0131. Kingsley, The Morning Chronicle’a terzilik at\u00f6lyeleri “Cheap Clothes and Nasty” hakk\u0131ndaki ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131na katk\u0131da bulunmak i\u00e7in Mayhew’den ilham ald\u0131 ve bu r\u00f6portaj\u0131 do\u011frudan Alton Locke’a tan\u0131tt\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n

Locke, \u00f6lmeden \u00f6nce, yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015ftan insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131na kadar ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc bir evrim r\u00fcyas\u0131 ya\u015far. Charles Darwin, T\u00fcrlerin K\u00f6keni’ni yaln\u0131zca 1859’da yay\u0131nlayacakt\u0131, ancak Gillian Beer’in g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi gibi (1983, passim), evrimsel fikirler en az\u0131ndan Charles Lyell’in Principles of Geology ve Robert Chambers’\u0131n Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation’\u0131n yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131ndan itibaren etkiliydi.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Mayhew’in ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 gazetecili\u011fi, evrim teorisi ve k\u0131rklar\u0131n sosyal roman\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc aras\u0131nda bir ba\u011flant\u0131 var, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc her biri kendi tarz\u0131nda insani olmaktan ziyade bilimsel bir kayg\u0131n\u0131n yans\u0131mas\u0131, ahlaki ve sosyal mutlaklar\u0131n reddi s\u00f6z konusudur.<\/span><\/p>\n

Gillian Beer taraf\u0131ndan Darwin a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ince bir \u015fekilde analiz edilen George Eliot, Middlemarch’\u0131 (1870) karakterlerin zaman ve akrabal\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan tuza\u011fa d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, tek ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f\u0131n ba\u015fka bir imgenin \u00f6nerdi\u011fi \u00f6zel d\u00fcnyaya, yani ki\u015fisel d\u00fcnyaya olan bir kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 ba\u011flant\u0131 a\u011f\u0131 olarak tasvir eder.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu kapal\u0131 olas\u0131l\u0131klar duygusu, y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131ndaki ba\u015fl\u0131ca romanlar\u0131 sosyal temalar hakk\u0131nda bilgilendirir. Bunlar, George Moore’un Potteries’teki, The Mummer’s Wife’daki (1885) ve Esther Waters’daki (1894) hizmet\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131ndaki “ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i” ya\u015fam tasviri aras\u0131nda \u00e7e\u015fitlilik g\u00f6sterir; Gissing’in Demos (1886) ve The Nether World’de (1889) yoksullar\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131yla ilgili umutsuz a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131; ve Arthur Morrison’\u0131n London East End ya\u015fam\u0131yla ilgili hesaplar\u0131, \u00f6zellikle A Child of the Jago (1896). Yabanc\u0131 bir evrende insan\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcr iradesinin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Thomas Hardy’nin b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131rsal romanlar\u0131na da musallat olur.<\/span><\/p>\n

O halde “toplumsal roman”, Cazamian’\u0131n tasavvur etti\u011finden \u00e7ok daha karma\u015f\u0131k \u015fekillerde d\u00f6nemiyle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131yd\u0131. Hem bi\u00e7im hem de i\u00e7erik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc sorunlar\u0131, \u0130ngiliz toplumunun sanayi devriminin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorunlar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmedeki ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yans\u0131t\u0131yordu. \u00d6zellikle \u00f6nemli olan, sosyalist hareketin s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesi \u00fczerine ger\u00e7ekten radikal perspektifler i\u00e7eren bir kurgu yaratmaktaki yetersizli\u011fiydi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Engels, Margaret Harkness’in A City Girl’\u00fcn\u00fc (1887) kentsel ger\u00e7ek\u00e7ili\u011fe olumlu bir sosyalist yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 nedeniyle \u00f6vd\u00fc, ancak yazar olarak yetenekleri \u00f6nemsizdi. Robert Tressell’in, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n ilk ger\u00e7ek sosyalist klasi\u011fi olan The Ragged Trousered Philanthropists’i, Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n sonunda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. William Morris, News from Nowhere’de (1891) \u0130ngiliz toplumuna dair sosyalist bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f yaratt\u0131; ama kuruldu\u011fu y\u0131l olan 1952’den \u00e7ok sonra, 1891’de yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 zamanki kadar \u00fctopik bir fantezi olmaya devam ediyor.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sosyalist G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f Haftal\u0131k kuru\u015flarla tefrika edilen son derece uzun hikaye boyunca, “belgesel” boyut, erdemli Richard ve onun vicdans\u0131z kapitalist karde\u015fi Eugene aras\u0131ndaki melodramatik sunumla artan bir m\u00fccadeleye kar\u015f\u0131 kurulur. \u0130kincisi, sonunda Frans\u0131z u\u015fa\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr ve Richard’\u0131 bir \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 olarak Avrupa’ya do\u011fru yola \u00e7\u0131kar. Reynolds, t\u00fcm \u00c7artist sempatilerine ra\u011fmen, proletaryadan \u00e7ok az liderlik \u00fcmidi…
Devam\u0131<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":8382,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[20843,20844,20842],"tags":[20851,20849,20846,20852,20850,20848,20845,20847],"class_list":["post-9445","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-liberalizm-ve-sosyalizm","category-sosyalizm-kurucusu","category-sosyalizm-ozellikleri","tag-komunizm","tag-komunizm-nedir","tag-liberalizm-ve-sosyalizm","tag-sosyalist-devlet","tag-sosyalist-ulkeler","tag-sosyalizm-kurucusu","tag-sosyalizm-ozellikleri","tag-sosyalizm-ve-komunizm-arasindaki-farklar"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t