{"id":9704,"date":"2022-04-27T10:55:51","date_gmt":"2022-04-27T07:55:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/?p=9704"},"modified":"2022-04-27T10:55:51","modified_gmt":"2022-04-27T07:55:51","slug":"ingiliz-dergileri-edebiyat-alaninda-tez-yaptirma-edebiyat-tez-yaptirma-ucretleri-edebiyat-odevleri-edebiyat-odev-ucretleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/ingiliz-dergileri-edebiyat-alaninda-tez-yaptirma-edebiyat-tez-yaptirma-ucretleri-edebiyat-odevleri-edebiyat-odev-ucretleri\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130NG\u0130L\u0130Z DERG\u0130LER\u0130\u00a0 \u2013 Edebiyat Alan\u0131nda Tez Yapt\u0131rma \u2013 Edebiyat Tez Yapt\u0131rma \u00dccretleri \u2013 Edebiyat \u00d6devleri \u2013 Edebiyat \u00d6dev \u00dccretleri"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0130NG\u0130L\u0130Z DERG\u0130LER\u0130<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

K\u00fclt\u00fcr ele\u015ftirmenleri ve tarih\u00e7iler, son zamanlarda, sadece birka\u00e7 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine kadar edebi yarat\u0131m\u0131n sadece bir zemini olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclen \u015feye hayran oldular. \u015eimdi, \u0130ngiliz s\u00fcreli yay\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n, on sekizinci ve on dokuzuncu y\u00fczy\u0131l \u0130ngiltere’sinin okur kitlelerinin, kamu dillerinin, toplumsal cinsiyet yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n, s\u0131n\u0131f s\u00f6ylemlerinin ve disipliner olu\u015fumlar\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fimi i\u00e7in modern k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn olu\u015fturulmas\u0131nda \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funu duyuyoruz.<\/span><\/p>\n

Baz\u0131 ele\u015ftiri teorisyenleri onun tarihini edebiyat ele\u015ftirisinin y\u00fckseli\u015finden ve daha sonra kamusal ya\u015famdan \u00e7ekilmesinden ayr\u0131lamaz buluyorlar. Terry Eagleton, ele\u015ftirinin s\u00fcreli yay\u0131nlardan \u00fcniversitelere ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Addison ve Steele’den bu yana s\u00fcreli yay\u0131n yazarlar\u0131 ve okuyucular\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u015fekillendirilen b\u00fcy\u00fck “kamusal alan”dan vazge\u00e7erek fiilen “intihar etti\u011fini” ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/span><\/p>\n

‘S\u0131radan’ dilin s\u0131radanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin \u015f\u00fcpheler, bu t\u00fcr ele\u015ftirmenlerin s\u00fcreli yay\u0131nlar\u0131 karma\u015f\u0131k metinler ve aktif s\u00f6ylemsel ba\u011flamlar olarak okumaya ba\u015flamas\u0131na neden oldu. Ampirik ve istatistiksel metodolojiler, yerini yeni tarih\u00e7i, Marksist, feminist ve post-yap\u0131salc\u0131 okuma stratejilerinin te\u015fvik etti\u011fi yorumlay\u0131c\u0131 ve ideolojik ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bir zamanlar k\u00fclt\u00fcrel tarihin basit bir verisi olarak kabul edildi\u011finde, birle\u015fik bir “okuma toplulu\u011fu” fikri de \u015f\u00fcpheye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yeni \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, toplumsal yap\u0131 ve tarihsel de\u011fi\u015fim taraf\u0131ndan tan\u0131mland\u0131klar\u0131 kadar metinleri taraf\u0131ndan da in\u015fa edilen \u00e7e\u015fitli okuyucu kitlelerini g\u00f6steriyor. \u0130ngiliz s\u00fcreli yay\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n ve izleyicilerinin yeni anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131, 1688’den bu yana \u0130ngiliz k\u00fclt\u00fcrel aktar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n haritalar\u0131n\u0131 yeniden \u00e7izen yeni ampirik ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n \u00fcretilmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, soyut “metin i\u00e7indeki okuyucu” kavram\u0131na da meydan okundu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hem tan\u0131d\u0131k hem de daha \u00f6nce ke\u015ffedilmemi\u015f periyodik yaz\u0131lar bu projenin merkezinde yer al\u0131yor. The Spectator, Tatler, Rambler, Gentleman’s Magazine, Edinburgh Review, Quarterly Review, London Magazine, New Monthly Magazine, Blackwood’s, Athenaeum, Fraser’s Magazine, Chambers’ Journal, Cornhill, Nineteenth Century, National Review ve Scrutiny edebiyat \u00f6\u011frencilerine yeterince a\u015finad\u0131r. , ancak art\u0131k ‘\u0130ngiliz edebi s\u00fcreli yay\u0131nlar\u0131’ s\u0131n\u0131rlay\u0131c\u0131 kategorisi i\u00e7inde okunmuyorlar.<\/span><\/p>\n

Art\u0131k The Black Dwarf, The Republic, The Gorgon, Cobbett’s Political Register, The Atina Mercury, The Penny Magazine, The Hive, The Mirror of Edebiyat and Instruction, The Friend gibi dergilerle dikkatleri payla\u015f\u0131yorlar. ‘edebi’ k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn bask\u0131n seslerine s\u0131kl\u0131kla kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kan kad\u0131n, radikal, kitle ve di\u011fer alt k\u00fclt\u00fcr okurlar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yeni ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n olanakl\u0131 kategorisini edebi “yaratma” de\u011fil “k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00fcretim” olu\u015fturur ve bunun edebiyat incelemesi i\u00e7inde m\u00fcnferit bir geli\u015fme olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Antropoloji, sosyoloji ve tarihyaz\u0131m\u0131 disiplinlerinde g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr olan siyaset, sosyal yap\u0131 ve ekonomi ile ilgili olarak ‘k\u00fclt\u00fcr’\u00fcn yerini yeniden de\u011ferlendirmeye y\u00f6nelik daha genel bir kayma ile \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d6rne\u011fin, tarih\u00e7iler aras\u0131ndaki karma\u015f\u0131k Frans\u0131z devrimi tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda, devrimin klasik Marksist a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik “revizyonist” meydan okuma, giderek artan bir \u015fekilde tarihin yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131, s\u00fcreli yay\u0131nlar ve on sekizinci y\u00fczy\u0131lda tarihsel okur kitlelerinin yeniden in\u015fas\u0131 gibi k\u00fclt\u00fcrel temellere oturtulmu\u015ftur.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c7ok az say\u0131da Marksist tarih\u00e7i, tarihsel okumaya y\u00f6nelik bu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn tarihsel materyalizm i\u00e7in yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 zorluklara hen\u00fcz yan\u0131t veremedi. Yine de Marksist ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel-materyalist sorular, s\u00fcreli yay\u0131nlar ve tarihsel okuma \u00fczerine yeni \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara s\u0131kl\u0131kla rehberlik etti.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sonucu ne olursa olsun, Frans\u0131z devrimi tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n \u0130ngiliz edebi ve siyasi k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in hen\u00fcz ke\u015ffedilmemi\u015f \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131mlar\u0131 vard\u0131r ve \u0130ngiliz s\u00fcreli yay\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki ve okuyucu kitlesindeki yeni \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n, tarih ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr sorunlar\u0131 \u00fczerinde bir s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n \u00e7ok \u00f6tesinde birle\u015fti\u011fini \u00f6ne s\u00fcrer. geleneksel olarak anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fekliyle ‘periyodik edebiyatt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\u0130ngiltere<\/a> dergileri<\/span>
\n\u0130ngiliz medya kuruluslari<\/span>
\ni\u0307ngilizce dergi<\/span>
\nyabanc\u0131 dergiler<\/span>
\njust english<\/span>
\nhot english seviye tespit s\u0131nav\u0131<\/span>
\ni\u0307ngilizce dergi pdf<\/span>
\nlearn english network<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

K\u00dcLT\u00dcREL ELE\u015eT\u0130R\u0130LER VE MODERN\u0130ZAT\u00d6RLER<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

S\u00fcreli yay\u0131nlar ve kamular \u00fczerine yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu, ele\u015ftirel, ideolojik veya teorik ilkeleri hakk\u0131nda sessiz kal\u0131rken ampirik ve tan\u0131mlay\u0131c\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Yine de, \u0130ngiliz k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn kurumlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda edebi ve ele\u015ftirel s\u00f6ylemleri yerle\u015ftirmede m\u00fcjdelenmemi\u015f olsa da \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Alexandre Beljame’in, Walter Graham’\u0131n English Literary Periodicals’\u0131na (1930), edebiyat tarih\u00e7ileri dergileri ve okuyucular\u0131, “insan”a odaklanan genel bir edebiyat k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak belgelediler.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ancak bu bursun arkas\u0131ndaki varsay\u0131mlar, Q.D.Leavis’in Fiction and the Reading Public’e (1932) kar\u015f\u0131 polemi\u011finin ana hatlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izmeden \u00f6nce incelemeye tabi tutulmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Burada \u0130ngiliz k\u00fclt\u00fcr tarihinin ‘antropolojik’ bir okumas\u0131n\u0131, \u0130ngiliz bas\u0131l\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn dergilerini, geni\u015f sayfalar\u0131n\u0131, pop\u00fcler kurgusunu ve okuyucu kitlesini ara\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in organize bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma program\u0131 gerektiren k\u00fclt\u00fcrel kriz ve \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn zorlay\u0131c\u0131 bir anlat\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar, kitle k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn ortas\u0131nda k\u00fclt\u00fcrel standartlar\u0131 militanca korumaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan, sava\u015f halindeki “k\u00fclt\u00fcrel az\u0131nl\u0131k” i\u00e7in Leavici davay\u0131 desteklemek anlam\u0131na geliyordu. Kilit noktas\u0131, on dokuzuncu y\u00fczy\u0131ldaki edebiyat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n saltanat\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda, sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n ve ele\u015ftirel ayd\u0131nlar\u0131n, burjuva s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n egemen kesiminden egemen kesime ustaca ama \u00f6nemli bir \u015fekilde ge\u00e7ti\u011fini iddia etmekti: art\u0131k entelekt\u00fcel otoriteyi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc temsil eder’.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu arg\u00fcman, daha \u00f6nceki bilim adamlar\u0131n\u0131n, s\u00fcreli yay\u0131nlarda ve incelemelerde sergilenen “genel edebilik” alan\u0131n\u0131 kaplayan \u0130ngiliz zihninin ruhsal bir evriminde m\u00fczakere edilen, toplumsal g\u00fc\u00e7 ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel g\u00fcc\u00fcn ayn\u0131 oldu\u011funa dair temel fakat ifade edilmemi\u015f bir inanc\u0131 da ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n

Leavise’ler, \u0130ngiliz orta ve alt-orta s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n\u0131n dandik bask\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnlerine g\u00f6z kama\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 bir bak\u0131\u015f atacakt\u0131; Francis Mulhern’in i\u015faret etti\u011fi gibi, Scrutiny grubu kendi alt-orta s\u0131n\u0131f k\u00f6kenlerinin \u00e7ok fazla fark\u0131ndayd\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ancak modern pop\u00fcler k\u00fclt\u00fcrden ho\u015flanmamalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen, Leavici k\u00fclt\u00fcr ele\u015ftirmenleri, s\u0131n\u0131f ayr\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n bir i\u015fareti olarak Graham’\u0131n “edebi s\u00fcreli yay\u0131n\u0131na” s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmak yerine kendilerini onu okumaya adad\u0131lar.<\/span><\/p>\n

Q.D.Leavis’in geni\u015f bir k\u00fclt\u00fcrel-tarihsel ara\u015ft\u0131rma program\u0131 h\u0131rs\u0131 \u00e7ok az sonu\u00e7 verdi. 1958’de neredeyse \u0130ngiliz ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131n ortodoksisi olan Leavisism, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fairler ve romanc\u0131lar hakk\u0131ndaki b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerin “The Review and Magazines” ve “The Victorian Reading Public” b\u00f6l\u00fcmleriyle ayn\u0131 alan\u0131 payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 panoramik, b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015ftirici Penguen \u0130ngiliz Edebiyat\u0131 Rehberi’ni \u00fcretti.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0130NG\u0130L\u0130Z DERG\u0130LER\u0130 K\u00fclt\u00fcr ele\u015ftirmenleri ve tarih\u00e7iler, son zamanlarda, sadece birka\u00e7 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine kadar edebi yarat\u0131m\u0131n sadece bir zemini olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclen \u015feye hayran oldular. \u015eimdi, \u0130ngiliz s\u00fcreli yay\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n, on sekizinci ve on dokuzuncu y\u00fczy\u0131l \u0130ngiltere’sinin okur kitlelerinin, kamu dillerinin, toplumsal cinsiyet yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n, s\u0131n\u0131f s\u00f6ylemlerinin ve disipliner olu\u015fumlar\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fimi i\u00e7in modern k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn olu\u015fturulmas\u0131nda \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funu duyuyoruz.…
Devam\u0131<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":9706,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21821,21820,21822],"tags":[21828,21824,21825,21829,21823,21827,21830,21826],"class_list":["post-9704","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ingiliz-medya-kuruluslari","category-ingiltere-dergileri","category-yabanci-dergiler","tag-hot-english-seviye-tespit-sinavi","tag-ingiliz-medya-kuruluslari","tag-ingilizce-dergi","tag-ingilizce-dergi-pdf","tag-ingiltere-dergileri","tag-just-english","tag-learn-english-network","tag-yabanci-dergiler"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9704","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9704"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9704\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9706"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9704"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9704"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bestessayhomework.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9704"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}